Python3 定时访问网页

本系列文章由 @YhL_Leo 出品，转载请注明出处。

文章链接： http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/50358695

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如果我有一组网站，想要定时刷新访问，可以通过python3 的urllib和time模块，但是普通的使用 urllib.request.urlopen在有些网站是会受到网站异常访问屏蔽策略的限制，出现这样的提示： urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden。要突破这样的限制，必须伪装成为真正的用户（真正用户大量搜索也会出现）访问，就能降低这样情况发生的概率。关键就在于构造headers报头消息的请求，而核心就在于设置user-agent使之看起来像是真正用户的请求消息（python 3.4的默认UA是Python-urllib/3.4，很容易看出不是真正的用户请求）。

给出一段示例代码：

import urllib.request, time, random

def webBrowser(url, header, tm):
    req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers = header)
    try:
        webPage = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
        data = webPage.read()
        time.sleep(tm)
        #information of web page
        print(type(webPage))
        print(webPage.geturl())
        #print(webPage.info())
        #print(webPage.getcode())
    except urllib.error.URLError as err:
        print(err)
    except urllib.error.HTTPError as err:
        print(err)
    except http.client.HTTPException as err:
        print(err)

def rand_url():
    #web list
    url_list = ['http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/50283927',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/50351172',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/50283303',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/50255623',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/50327113',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/50311869',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/50300447',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/50255069',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/50255623',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/50179779',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/50112477',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/50099843',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/50054953',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/49848391',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/49788741',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/49737357',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/49592361',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/49591995',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/49591019',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/49427383',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/48879093',
        'http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/48862187'];
    return url_list[random.randint(0, len(url_list)-1)] 

def rand_headers():
    #user_agent list
    user_agent_list = ['Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686)Gecko/20071127 Firefox/2.0.0.11',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko',
        'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.95 Safari/537.36',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; rv:11.0) like Gecko)',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2) Gecko/2008070208 Firefox/3.0.1',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1) Gecko/20070309 Firefox/2.0.0.3',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1) Gecko/20070803 Firefox/1.5.0.12',
        'Opera/9.27 (Windows NT 5.2; U; zh-cn)',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en) Opera 8.0',
        'Opera/8.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en)',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.12) Gecko/20080219 Firefox/2.0.0.12 Navigator/9.0.0.6',
        'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/4.0)',
        'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0)',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Maxthon/4.0.6.2000 Chrome/26.0.1410.43 Safari/537.1',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.3.9825.400)',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.92 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; BIDUBrowser 2.x)',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/3.0 Safari/536.11']
    header = {'user-agent':user_agent_list[random.randint(0, len(user_agent_list)-1)]}
    return header

tm = 1;   #wait time(sec) for per web
idx = 0;  #loop count
tm_per_h = 10; #wait time(sec) for every 150 loops
while True:
    url = rand_url()
    header = rand_headers()
    webBrowser(url, header, tm)
    idx = idx+1
    if (idx+1)%150 == 0:
        time.sleep(tm_per_h)

这里在rand_url()和rand_headers()函数通过随机的方法，分别从给出的博客链接url_list和user_agent_list里选出一对访问的链接和UA，同时在访问函数里加上时间间隔，整个程序就可以不停地访问网页列表中的网站~

当然这段代码测试的都是CSDN的博客链接，结果显示没有问题（说明CSDN的异常访问屏蔽策略的限制还是很宽松），所以如果想提高博客浏览量是很轻松的，那么你还能从浏览量里看出什么吗？