Tomcat配置文件server.xml分析

本文力求，分析清楚 tomcat 的 server.xml 文件，逐步完善更新

常用来，配置tomcat启动，端口号；配置编码等。

apache-tomcat-9.0.10/conf/server.xml 文件如下：

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   limitations under the License.
 -->
 <!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
      define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
      Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
  -->
 <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
   <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
   -->
   <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
   <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

   <!-- Global JNDI resources
        Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
   -->
   <GlobalNamingResources>
     <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
          UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
     -->
     <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
               type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
               description="User database that can be updated and saved"
               factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
               pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
   </GlobalNamingResources>

   <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
        a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
        so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
        Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
    -->
   <Service name="Catalina">

     <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
     <!--
     <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
         maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
     -->

     <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
          and responses are returned. Documentation at :
          Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html
          Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
          APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
          Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
     -->
     <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
                connectionTimeout="20000"
                redirectPort="8443" />
     <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
     <!--
     <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
                port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
                connectionTimeout="20000"
                redirectPort="8443" />
     -->
     <!-- Define a SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
          This connector uses the NIO implementation. The default
          SSLImplementation will depend on the presence of the APR/native
          library and the useOpenSSL attribute of the
          AprLifecycleListener.
          Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used regardless of
          the SSLImplementation selected. JSSE style configuration is used below.
     -->
     <!--
     <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
                maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true">
         <SSLHostConfig>
             <Certificate certificateKeystoreFile="conf/localhost-rsa.jks"
                          type="RSA" />
         </SSLHostConfig>
     </Connector>
     -->
     <!-- Define a SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 with HTTP/2
          This connector uses the APR/native implementation which always uses
          OpenSSL for TLS.
          Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used. OpenSSL style
          configuration is used below.
     -->
     <!--
     <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
                maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" >
         <UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" />
         <SSLHostConfig>
             <Certificate certificateKeyFile="conf/localhost-rsa-key.pem"
                          certificateFile="conf/localhost-rsa-cert.pem"
                          certificateChainFile="conf/localhost-rsa-chain.pem"
                          type="RSA" />
         </SSLHostConfig>
     </Connector>
     -->

     <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
     <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />

     <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
          every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
          analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
          on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
          Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

     <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
     <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
     -->
     <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">

       <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
           /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
           /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
       <!--
       <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
       -->

       <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
            via a brute-force attack -->
       <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
         <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
              resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
              that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
              available for use by the Realm.  -->
         <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
                resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
       </Realm>

       <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
             unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

         <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
              Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
         <!--
         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
         -->

         <!-- Access log processes all example.
              Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
              Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
                prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
                pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />

       </Host>
     </Engine>
   </Service>
 </Server>

如其中一段：

不同的Connector有不同的作用，常用的8080是tomcat应用访问的端口

<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />

8009是ajp/1.3协议端口，apache转发到tomcat时用的端口，然后通过8443转发到8080端口，Connector监听到8080端口的访问后交给Service判断url地址，处理完成后再通过8443转发到8009，由apache响应给客户端请求

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