Linux下面误删除文件使用extundelete工具恢复介绍

操作系统版本：CentOS release 6.4 (Final)      软件版本：extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2

PS:该软件恢复文件系统仅支持ext2/ext3/ext4

1.使用rz命令上传extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2到/tmp文件夹下并解压软件。

[root@localhost tmp]# tar -jxvf extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2

2.进入到extundelete解压的目录下面，执行编译安装。

[root@localhost test]# cd /tmp
[root@localhost tmp]# ls
extundelete-0.2.4          lrzsz-0.12.20         pulse-0Wu68Rqve4hx
extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2  lrzsz-0.12.20.tar.gz  virtual-root.b6Z0Gt
[root@localhost tmp]# cd extundelete-0.2.4
[root@localhost extundelete-0.2.4]# ./configure
Configuring extundelete 0.2.4
configure: error: Can't find ext2fs library   #根据提示找到ext2fs库文件进行安装,执行yum -y install e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-libs e2fsprogs-devel
[root@localhost extundelete-0.2.4]# ./configure
Configuring extundelete 0.2.4
Writing generated files to disk

[root@localhost extundelete-0.2.4]# make
make -s all-recursive
Making all in src
[root@localhost extundelete-0.2.4]# make install
Making install in src
  /usr/bin/install -c extundelete '/usr/local/bin'

3.新添加一块硬盘/dev/sdb1并划分区格式化挂载到/test，新建文件和目录如下。

[root@localhost /]# tree test
test
├── 1.txt
├── a
│   ├── a.txt
│   └── b
│   ├── a.txt
│   └── c
│   ├── a.txt
│   └── d
├── a.txt
├── hosts
├── kong.txt
├── lost+found
└── passwd

5 directories, 8 files

4.进入到挂载目录/test，然后删除挂载点里面的文件并卸载磁盘。

[root@localhost /]# rm -rf a a.txt 1.txt hosts kong.txt passwd
[root@localhost /]# ls /test
lost+found
[root@localhost /]# umount /test

5.使用extundelete查看/dev/sdb1目录和文件的inode号。

[root@localhost ~]# extundelete /dev/sdb1 --inode 2
NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored.
Loading filesystem metadata ... 41 groups loaded.
Group: 0
Contents of inode 2:
0000 | ed 41 00 00 00 10 00 00 f4 6e 9d 5a f2 6e 9d 5a | .A.......n.Z.n.Z
0010 | f2 6e 9d 5a 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 08 00 00 00 | .n.Z............
0020 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 39 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ........9.......
0030 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
0040 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
0050 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
0060 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
0070 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
0080 | 1c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
0090 | bd 68 9d 5a 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | .h.Z............
00a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
00b0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
00c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
00d0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
00e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
00f0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................

Inode is Allocated
File mode: 16877
Low 16 bits of Owner Uid: 0
Size in bytes: 4096
Access time: 1520266996
Creation time: 1520266994
Modification time: 1520266994
Deletion Time: 0
Low 16 bits of Group Id: 0
Links count: 3
Blocks count: 8
File flags: 0
File version (for NFS): 0
File ACL: 0
Directory ACL: 0
Fragment address: 0
Direct blocks: 825, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
Indirect block: 0
Double indirect block: 0
Triple indirect block: 0

File name                                       | Inode number | Deleted status
.                                                 2
..                                                2
lost+found                                        11
1.txt                                             12             Deleted
a                                                 8017           Deleted
hosts                                             13             Deleted
passwd                                            14             Deleted
a.txt                                             15             Deleted
kong.txt                                          16             Deleted

6.使用extundelete命令进行文件和目录的恢复。

(1)通过inode号恢复（文件名会有变更）；

[root@localhost test]# extundelete /dev/sdb1 --restore-inode 12
NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored.
Loading filesystem metadata ... 41 groups loaded.
Loading journal descriptors ... 101 descriptors loaded.
[root@localhost test]# ls
RECOVERED_FILES
[root@localhost test]# cd RECOVERED_FILES/
[root@localhost RECOVERED_FILES]# ls
file.12
[root@localhost RECOVERED_FILES]# cat file.12
1111

(2)通过文件名恢复；

[root@localhost RECOVERED_FILES]# extundelete /dev/sdb1 --restore-file passwd
NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored.
Loading filesystem metadata ... 41 groups loaded.
Loading journal descriptors ... 101 descriptors loaded.
Successfully restored file passwd
[root@localhost RECOVERED_FILES]# cd RECOVERED_FILES/
[root@localhost RECOVERED_FILES]# cat passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

(3)通过目录名称恢复(空目录是不会被恢复的);

[root@localhost test]# extundelete /dev/sdb1 --restore-directory a
NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored.
Loading filesystem metadata ... 41 groups loaded.
Loading journal descriptors ... 101 descriptors loaded.
Searching for recoverable inodes in directory a ...
13 recoverable inodes found.
Looking through the directory structure for deleted files ...
7 recoverable inodes still lost.
[root@localhost test]# ls
RECOVERED_FILES
[root@localhost test]# cd RECOVERED_FILES/
[root@localhost RECOVERED_FILES]# ls
a
[root@localhost RECOVERED_FILES]# tree a
a
├── a.txt
└── b
    ├── a.txt
    └── c
        └── a.txt

2 directories, 3 files

(4)恢复所有文件和目录，不包括空文件和空目录；

[root@localhost test]# extundelete /dev/sdb1 --restore-all
NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored.
Loading filesystem metadata ... 41 groups loaded.
Loading journal descriptors ... 101 descriptors loaded.
Searching for recoverable inodes in directory / ...
13 recoverable inodes found.
Looking through the directory structure for deleted files ...
1 recoverable inodes still lost.
[root@localhost test]# ls
RECOVERED_FILES
[root@localhost test]# cd RECOVERED_FILES/
[root@localhost RECOVERED_FILES]# ls
1.txt  a  a.txt  hosts  kong.txt  passwd
[root@localhost RECOVERED_FILES]# tree
.
├── 1.txt
├── a
│   ├── a.txt
│   └── b
│       ├── a.txt
│       └── c
│           └── a.txt
├── a.txt
├── hosts
├── kong.txt
└── passwd