C++知识点案例 笔记-2

1.友元函数

2.友元类

3.继承（公有继承）

4.公有继承的访问权限

5.私有继承的访问权限

6.保护继承的访问权限（两次继承）

==友元函数==

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class love
{
public:
    love(int you,int me);
    friend int baby(love& );//################
private:
    int Me;
    int You;
};
love::love(int you,int me)
{
    You = you;
    Me = me;
}
int baby(love& refnum)
{
    return refnum.You + refnum.Me ;//###########
}
int main()
{
    love aini(500,21);
    cout<<"我想对你说："<<baby(aini)<<endl;
    return 0;
}

==友元类==
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Date;                                              //声明Date类
class Time                                               //定义Time类，描述时分秒
{
public:
    Time(int con_hour, int con_minute, int con_second) //定义构造函数
    {
        m_nHour = con_hour;
        m_nMinute = con_minute;
        m_nSecond = con_second;

    }
    friend class Date;                                 //声明Date为Time的友元类
private:
    int m_nHour, m_nMinute, m_nSecond;
};
class Date                                               //定义Date类
{
public:
    Date(int con_year, int con_month, int con_day)//定义构造函数
    {
        m_nYear = con_year;
        m_nMonth = con_month;
        m_nDay = con_day;
    }
    void display_date_time(Time &ref_time);        //声明display_date_time()函数
private:
    int m_nYear, m_nMonth, m_nDay;
};
/*
* 定义display_date_time()函数，显示年月日、时分秒信息。由于Date为Time类的友元类，
* 则Date中的函数为Time类的友元函数，可以访问Time类的私有成员，
* 这里直接访问了私有成员：m_nHour、m_nMinute、m_nSecond
*/
void Date::display_date_time(Time &ref_time)
{
    cout << m_nYear << "-" << m_nMonth << "-" << m_nDay << " "
        << ref_time.m_nHour << ":" << ref_time.m_nMinute//################
        << ":" << ref_time.m_nSecond << endl;                          //###############
}
int main()
{
    Time time(17, 30, 20);                          //定义Time对象
    Date date(2017, 2, 23);                         //定义Date对象
    date.display_date_time(time);                  //显示年月日、时分秒信息
    return 0;
}

==继承（公有继承）==
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Animal
{
public:
    void speak()
    {
        cout<<"animal language."<<endl;

    }
};
class Dog :public Animal    //继承Animal的属性
{
public:
    Dog (string con_name):m_Name(con_name){}
    void print_name()
    {
        cout<<"con_name:"<<m_Name<<endl;
    }
private:
    string m_Name;

};
int main()
{
    Dog dog("dogoo");
    dog.speak();              //调用其继承的Animal属性里的speak函数
    dog.print_name();
    return 0;
}

==公有继承的访问权限==
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Animal
{
public:
    void set_weight(int weight){m_Weight = weight;}
    int get_weight(){return m_Weight;}
    void set_age(int age){m_Age = age;}
protected:
    int m_Age;    //protected成员可以被派生类访问
private:
    int m_Weight;     //私有成员被派生类不可访问
};
class Dog:public Animal
{
public:
    Dog (string con_name):m_Name(con_name){}
    void print_age(){ cout<<m_Name<<",age="<<m_Age<<endl; }    //这里直接访问了//#################
private:
    string m_Name;
};
int main()
{
    Dog dog("dogoo");
    dog.set_weight(6);
    dog.set_age(8);
    dog.print_age();
    cout<<"weight ="<<dog.get_weight()<<endl;          //这里通过继承基类成员函数输出weight值，不可直接访问
    return 0;

}

==私有继承的访问权限==
//把从基类继承的protected、public成员当做私有成员，主函数不能直接访问基类的成员
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Animal
{
public:
    void set_weight(int weight){m_Weight = weight;}
    int get_weight(){return m_Weight;}
    void set_age(int age){ m_Age = age; }
protected:
    int m_Age;
private:
    int m_Weight;
};
class Dog:private Animal
{
public:
    Dog(string con_name):m_Name(con_name){}
    void set_print_weight()
    {
        set_weight(6);                               //################
        cout<<m_Name<<",weight = "<<get_weight()<<endl;
    }
    void set_print_age()
    {
        set_age(8);                                    //#################
        cout<<m_Name<<",age = "<<m_Age<<endl;
    }
private:
    string m_Name;
};
int main()
{
    Dog dog("dogoo");
    dog.set_print_weight();    //通过派生类的访问来访问基类成员
    dog.set_print_age();
    return 0;
}

==保护继承的访问权限（多重继承：类Animal——>次类Dog——>再次类Dog_plus）==
//把从基类继承的protected、public成员当做保护成员
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Animal
{
public:
    void set_weight(int weight){m_Weight = weight;}
    int get_weight(){return m_Weight;}
    void set_age(int age){m_Age = age;}
protected:
    int m_Age;
private:
    int m_Weight;
};
class Dog:protected Animal                                         //#################
{

public:
    Dog(string con_name):m_Name(con_name){}
    void set_print_weight()
    {
        set_weight(8);
        cout<<m_Name<<",weight ="<<get_weight()<<endl;
    }
private:
    string m_Name;
};
class plus_Dog:protected Dog                                     //###################
{
public:
    plus_Dog():Dog("dogoo"){ }
    void plus_set_print_age()
    {
        set_age(6);
        cout<<"The plus_dog age = "<<m_Age<<endl;
    }

};
int main()
{
    plus_Dog plus_dog;
    plus_dog.plus_set_print_age();
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}