Ubuntu 创建开机自启动脚本的方法

http://askubuntu.com/questions/9382/how-can-i-configure-a-service-to-run-at-startup
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7221757/run-automatically-program-on-startup-under-linux-ubuntu

sudo mv /filename /etc/init.d/
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/filename
sudo update-rc.d filename defaults

Script should now start on boot. Note that this method also works with both hard links and symbolic links (ln).

Edit

At this point in the boot process PATH isn't set yet, so it is critical that absolute paths are used throughout. BUT, as pointed out in the comments by Steve HHH, explicitly declaring the full file path (/etc/init.d/filename) for the update-rc.d command is not valid in most versions of Linux. Per the manpage for update-rc.d, the second parameter is a script located in /etc/init.d/*. Updated above code to reflect this.

Another Edit

Also as pointed out in the comments (by Charles Brandt), /filename must be an init style script. A good template was also provided - https://github.com/fhd/init-script-template.

Another link to another article just to avoid possible link rot (although it would be saddening if GitHub died) - http://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/442412-managing-linux-daemons-with-init-scripts

yetAnother Edit

As pointed out in the comments (by Russell Yan), This works only on default mode of update-rc.d.

According to manual of update-rc.d, it can run on two modes, "the machines using the legacy mode will have a file /etc/init.d/.legacy-bootordering", in which case you have to pass sequence and runlevel configuration through command line arguments.

The equivalent argument set for the above example is

sudo update-rc.d filename start 20 2 3 4 5 . stop 20 0 1 6 .

• To start a daemon at startup:

  update-rc.d service_name defaults
  

• To remove:

  update-rc.d -f service_name remove
  

defaults => default run levels 2,3,4 and 5

Example:

update-rc.d tomcat7 defaults

1) 将你的启动脚本复制到 /etc/init.d目录下

以下假设你的脚本文件名为 test。

 

2) 设置脚本文件的权限

$ sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/test

 

3) 执行如下命令将脚本放到启动脚本中去：

$ cd /etc/init.d

$ sudo update-rc.d example_name.sh defaults 95

注：其中数字95是脚本启动的顺序号，按照自己的需要相应修改即可。在你有多个启动脚本，而它们之间又有先后启动的依赖关系时你就知道这个数字的具体作用了。该命令的输出信息参考如下：

update-rc.d: warning: /etc/init.d/example_name.sh missing LSB information
update-rc.d: see <http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts>
  Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/test ...
    /etc/rc0.d/K95example_name.sh -> ../init.d/example_name.sh
    /etc/rc1.d/K95example_name.sh -> ../init.d/example_name.sh
    /etc/rc6.d/K95example_name.sh -> ../init.d/example_name.sh
    /etc/rc2.d/S95example_name.sh -> ../init.d/example_name.sh
    /etc/rc3.d/S95example_name.sh -> ../init.d/example_name.sh
    /etc/rc4.d/S95example_name.sh -> ../init.d/example_name.sh
    /etc/rc5.d/S95example_name.sh -> ../init.d/example_name.sh

 

卸载启动脚本的方法：

$ cd /etc/init.d

 

$ sudo update-rc.d -f example_name.sh remove

命令输出的信息参考如下：

Removing any system startup links for /etc/init.d/test ...
    /etc/rc0.d/K95example_name.sh
    /etc/rc1.d/K95example_name.sh
    /etc/rc2.d/S95example_name.sh
    /etc/rc3.d/S95example_name.sh
    /etc/rc4.d/S95example_name.sh
    /etc/rc5.d/S95example_name.sh
    /etc/rc6.d/K95example_name.sh

按指定顺序、在指定运行级别中启动或关闭

用法： update-rc.d ＜basename＞ start|stop ＜order＞ ＜runlevels＞

例：

# update-rc.d ushare start      . stop     .

解析：表示在2、3、4、5这五个运行级别中，由小到大，第20个开始运行ushare；在 0 1 6这3个运行级别中，第20个关闭apachectl。

注意它有2个点号，其效果等于下面方法：

# update-rc.d ushare defaults

设置启动和关闭顺序为80，20, 级别为默认值:

# update-rc.d ＜basename＞ defaults