Python学习-day6 面向对象概念

　开始学习面向对象，可以说之前的学习和编程思路都是面向过程的，从上到下，一步一步走完。

如果说一个简单的需求，用面向过程实现起来相对容易，但是如果在日常生产，面向对象就可以发挥出他的优势了。

程序的可扩展性，代码的可读性，以及后期的优化和二次开发，都是面向过程不可相比的，下面整理一下知识点。

类：

#Authon Ivor
class dog(object):
    #公有变量，如果有私有变量，优先调用私有，如果没有调用公有
    age = 8

    def __init__(self,name,type):
        self.name = name
        self.type = type

    def bark(self):
        print("%s is barking,wang.wang..wang..." % self.name)
        self.type = "wang.wang..wang.."

    def get_type(self):
        print("{0} 's type is {1}".format(self.name,self.type))

d = dog("lovely","Teddy")
d2 = dog("diudiu","田园犬")

d.bark()
d2.get_type()
d.age = 10
print(d.age)
print(d2.age)
dog.age = 9
print(d.age)
print(d2.age)

def bark2():
    print("bark")
d.bark = bark2
d.bark()

继承：

#Authon Ivor

class Person(object):
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.sex = "F"
    def talk(self):
        print("I'm a person!")

class BlackPerson(Person):
    #先继承，再重构
    def __init__(self,name,age,strength):
        Person.__init__(self,name,age)
        self.strength = strength
    #重构函数
    def talk(self):
        print("I am BlackMan!")
class WhitePerson(Person):
    pass

B = BlackPerson("YoYo",22,"Strong")
B.talk()

继承2：

#Authon Ivor
class SchoolMember(object):
    '''基类'''
    member = 0
    def __init__(self,name,age,sex):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.sex =sex
        self.enroll()

    def enroll(self):
        print("[%s] has just enrolled ." % self.name)
        SchoolMember.member += 1

    def tell(self):
        print("info %s".center(20,"-") % self.name )
        for k,v in self.__dict__.items():
            print("%s:%s" % (k,v))
        print("info %s".center(20,"-") % self.name )
    #析构函数
    def __del__(self):
        print("\033[31;1mmember [%s] is dead!\033[0m" %self.name)
        SchoolMember.member -= 1

class Teacher(SchoolMember):
    '''讲师类'''
    def __init__(self,name,age,sex,salary,tuition):
        # 新式类写法
        # super(Teacher,self).__init__(name,age,sex)
        # 经典类写法
        SchoolMember.__init__(self,name,age,sex)
        self.salary = salary
        self.tuition = tuition

class Student(SchoolMember):
    '''学生类'''
    def __init__(self,name,age,sex,tuition):
        SchoolMember.__init__(self,name,age,sex)
        self.amount = 0
        self.tuition = tuition

s1 = Student("Hebe",18,"F","Python")
t1 = Teacher("Yoyo",22,"F",10000,"Python")
t1.tell()
print(SchoolMember.member)
del s1
print(SchoolMember.member)

封装补充：

#Authon Ivor

class F1(object):
    def __init__(self,arg):
        self.a = arg

class F2(F1):
    def __init__(self,arg):
        self.b = arg

class F3(F2):
    def __init__(self,arg):
        self.c = arg

o1 = F1("Alex")
o2 = F2(o1)
o3 = F3(o2)

#######通过o3调取到Alex#######
print(o3.c.b.a)

继承补充：

#Authon Ivor
class F1(object):
    def a1(self):
        print("F1a1")

class F2(F1):
    def a1(self):
        self.a2()
        print("F2a1")
    def a2(self):
        print("F2a2")

class F3(F2):

    def a2(self):
        print("F3a2")

#优先调取obj自身的方法
obj = F3()
obj.a1()