VirtualBox——在Win7的HOST上安装配置虚拟机CentOS7

在Win7为HOST的环境下，安装VirtualBox，在其中安装CentOS7，以Bridge的方式搭建网络环境。

主要配置包括VirtualBox中的网络设置，以及CentOS中的网络配置。另外还有个重要的注意点就是如果HOST使用的是无线网，那么即使bridge配置成功了，虚拟机能够与主机互相ping通，虚拟机也无法访问外网。

VirtualBox网络配置

CentOS网络配置

修改网络配置文件：

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3

修改后内容：

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=enp0s3
UUID=6ce977fe-843a-4fb3-8bda-40b7ae4fc4f5
DEVICE=enp0s3
ONBOOT=yes
HWADDR=:::7a:0d:c3
IPADDR=192.168.0.150
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1
DNS1=192.168.0.1

安装VirtualBox Guest Additational

安装依赖：

yum install kernel-headers
yum install kernel-devel
yum install gcc*
yum install make

安装完成之后重启一下，然后点击虚拟机窗口上的安装增强（如果guest中已经加在过了镜像，就将其退出），然后稍等一会就安装完成了。

如果报以下错误：

this system is currently not set up to build kernel modules

则有可能是kernel的几个包的版本不一致，使用命令：

rpm -qa kernel* |sort -V |tail -n 5

查看几个包的版本是否一致：

kernel-3.10.-.el7.x86_64
kernel-devel-3.10.-693.5..el7.x86_64
kernel-headers-3.10.-693.5..el7.x86_64
kernel-tools-3.10.-.el7.x86_64
kernel-tools-libs-3.10.-.el7.x86_64

如果不一致，可以使用以下命令进行更新：

yum -y upgrade kernel kernel-devel kernel-devel 

更新完重启后，再次安装增强控件。

CentOS分辨率问题（存在问题）

以下过程是参照网络上的资料执行的，不过在执行过程中报了一个错，可能是缺少驱动的问题，此处我没有再进一步解决，就此打住了，因为是打算设置一个Linux的Java开发环境，因此打算换一个比较容易操作的版本，换成Ubuntu了。

下面的操作直接导致系统卡在启动界面了，解决方法可以参考日志：

CentOS7——卡在在启动界面

执行命令：

Xorg : -configure

执行结果：

X.Org X Server 1.19.
Release Date: --
X Protocol Version , Revision
Build Operating System:  3.10.-514.16..el7.x86_64
Current Operating System: Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.-693.5..el7.x86_64 # SMP Fri Oct  :: UTC  x86_64
Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.10.-693.5..el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet LANG=zh_CN.UTF-
Build Date:  August   ::43AM
Build ID: xorg-x11-server 1.19.-.el7
Current version of pixman: 0.34.
    Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
    to make sure that you have the latest version.
Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
    (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
    (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
(==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.1.log", Time: Tue Nov   ::
List of video drivers:
    ati
    dummy
    intel
    nouveau
    qxl
    radeon
    v4l
    vmware
    modesetting
    vesa
    fbdev
(++) Using config file: "/root/xorg.conf.new"
(==) Using config directory: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d"
(==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
(EE)
(EE) Backtrace:
(EE) : Xorg (xorg_backtrace+0x55) [0x55b8bcdb6655]
(EE) : Xorg (0x55b8bcc0a000+0x1b0369) [0x55b8bcdba369]
(EE) : /lib64/libpthread.so. (0x7fcf0c3ca000+0xf5e0) [0x7fcf0c3d95e0]
(EE)
(EE) Segmentation fault at address 0x0
(EE)
Fatal server error:
(EE) Caught signal  (Segmentation fault). Server aborting
(EE)
(EE)
Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support
     at http://wiki.x.org
 for help.
(EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.1.log" for additional information.
(EE)
(EE) Server terminated with error (). Closing log file.
已放弃(吐核)

然后将生成的配置文件拷贝到目标路径下：

cp /root/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf

该文件中的原始内容为：

Section "ServerLayout"
    Identifier     "X.org Configured"
    Screen        "Screen0"
    InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
    InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
EndSection

Section "Files"
    ModulePath   "/usr/lib64/xorg/modules"
    FontPath     "catalogue:/etc/X11/fontpath.d"
    FontPath     "built-ins"
EndSection

Section "Module"
    Load  "glx"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
    Identifier  "Keyboard0"
    Driver      "kbd"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
    Identifier  "Mouse0"
    Driver      "mouse"
    Option        "Protocol" "auto"
    Option        "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
    Option        "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier   "Monitor0"
    VendorName   "Monitor Vendor"
    ModelName    "Monitor Model"
EndSection

Section "Device"
        ### Available Driver options are:-
        ### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False",
        ### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz",
        ### <percent>: "<f>%"
        ### [arg]: arg optional
        #Option     "SWcursor"               # [<bool>]
        #Option     "kmsdev"                 # <str>
        #Option     "ShadowFB"               # [<bool>]
        #Option     "AccelMethod"            # <str>
        #Option     "PageFlip"               # [<bool>]
        #Option     "ZaphodHeads"            # <str>
        #Option     "DoubleShadow"           # [<bool>]
    Identifier  "Card0"
    Driver      "modesetting"
    BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier "Screen0"
    Device     "Card0"
    Monitor    "Monitor0"
    SubSection "Display"
        Viewport
        Depth
    EndSubSection
    SubSection "Display"
        Viewport
        Depth
    EndSubSection
    SubSection "Display"
        Viewport
        Depth
    EndSubSection
    SubSection "Display"
        Viewport
        Depth
    EndSubSection
    SubSection "Display"
        Viewport
        Depth
    EndSubSection
    SubSection "Display"
        Viewport
        Depth
    EndSubSection
EndSection

在其中的：

SubSection "Display"
    Viewport
    Depth
EndSubSection

插入内容后形成：

SubSection "Display"
    Viewport
    Depth
    Models    "800x600" "1366x768" "1440x900"
EndSubSection

其中分辨率根据子集的屏幕来设置。