自动化测试--响应请求测试（.net)

Web运行原理简单地说是“浏览器发送一个HTTP Request到Web服务器上，Web服务器处理完后将结果（HTTP Response）返回给浏览器”。

通常测试一个web api是否正确，可以通过自己coding方式模拟向Web服务器发送Http Request（设置好各参数）,然后再通过捕获Web服务器返回的Http Response并将其进行解析，验证它是否与预期的结果一致。

.net中提供的Http相关的类                                                                              

主要是在命名空间System.Net里，提供了以下几种类处理方式：

WebClient

WebRequest WebResponse

HttpWebRequest HttpWebResponse

TcpClient

Socket

（1）使用WebRequest 获取指定URL的内容测试code

 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Net;

 namespace Testing01
 {
     class WebRequestTest
     {
         static void Main(string[] args)
         {
             string url = @"http://www.baidu.com";
             //string html = TestWebClient(url);
             //string html = TestWebRequest(url);
             string html = TestHttpWebRequest(url);
             Console.WriteLine(html);
             Console.Read();
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// 使用WebClient发出http request
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="url"></param>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public static string TestWebClient(string url)
         {
             Console.WriteLine("Testing WebClient......");
             WebClient wc = new WebClient();
             Stream stream = wc.OpenRead(url);
             string result = "";
             using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8))
             {
                 result = sr.ReadToEnd();
             }
             return result;

         }

         /// <summary>
         /// 使用WebClient发出http request
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="url"></param>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public static string TestWebRequest(string url)
         {
             Console.WriteLine("Testing WebRequest......");
             WebRequest wr = WebRequest.Create(url);
             wr.Method = "GET";
             WebResponse response = wr.GetResponse();
             Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream();
             string result = "";
             using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8))
             {
                 result = sr.ReadToEnd();
             }
             return result;
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// 使用HttpWebClient发出http request
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="url"></param>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public static string TestHttpWebRequest(string url)
         {
             Console.WriteLine("Testing HttpWebRequest......");
             HttpWebRequest wr = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
             wr.Method = "GET";
             HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)wr.GetResponse();
             Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream();
             string result = "";
             using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8))
             {
                 result = sr.ReadToEnd();
             }
             return result;
         }
     }
 }

（2）获取指定URL（带Cookie）的WebRequest内容测试code

 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Net;

 namespace Testing01
 {
     class TestHttpWebRequestWithCookie
     {
         static void Main(string[] args)
         {
             string url = "https://passport.xxx.com/account/login";
             CookieContainer myCookieContainer = new CookieContainer();
             HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
             request.CookieContainer = myCookieContainer;
             string postdata = "bkurl=&LoginName=abc&Password=123456&RememberMe=false";
             request.Method = "POST";
             request.KeepAlive = true;
             byte[] postdata_byte = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postdata);
             request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
             request.ContentLength = postdata_byte.Length;

             Stream stream = request.GetRequestStream();
             stream.Write(postdata_byte, , postdata_byte.Length);
             stream.Close();

             HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
             StreamReader srRes = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(),Encoding.UTF8);
             string content = srRes.ReadToEnd();
             response.Close();
             srRes.Close();

             string cookieString = request.CookieContainer.GetCookieHeader(new Uri(url));
             Console.WriteLine("***********第一次cookie内容：" + cookieString);

             request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://my.xxx.com/xxx/xxx_list.asp");
             request.Method = "GET";
             request.CookieContainer = myCookieContainer;
             request.Headers.Add("Cookie:" + cookieString);
             request.KeepAlive = true;
             response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
             //cookieString = request.CookieContainer.GetCookieHeader(request.RequestUri) + ";" + cookieString;
            // Console.WriteLine("***********第二次cookie内容：" + cookieString);
             StreamReader srR = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);
             string result = srR.ReadToEnd();
             srR.Close();
             Console.WriteLine("**************result:" + result.Substring());
             Console.Read();
         }
     }
 }

（3）如何跟Https网站交互

我们用浏览器打开HTTPS的网站，如果我们没有安装证书，通常页面会显示 "此网站的安全证书有问题"，我们必须再次点"继续浏览此网站(不推荐)"才能查看页面信息.

如下图所示

那么我们的程序，如何忽略HTTPS证书错误呢？

只要在程序中加入下面这段代码，就可以忽略HTTPS证书错误，让我们的程序能和HTTPS网站正确的交互了.

 System.Net.ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback += (se, cert, chain, sslerror) =>
                 {
                     return true;
                 };

（4）采用POST提交Web Request

 public static string GetResponse(string url, string method, string data)
         {
             try
             {
                 HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
                 req.KeepAlive = true;
                 req.Method = method.ToUpper();
                 req.AllowAutoRedirect = true;
                 req.CookieContainer = CookieContainers;
                 req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";

                 req.UserAgent = IE7;
                 req.Accept = "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8";
                 req.Timeout = ;

                 if (method.ToUpper() == "POST" && data != null)
                 {
                     ASCIIEncoding encoding = new ASCIIEncoding();
                     byte[] postBytes = encoding.GetBytes(data); ;
                     req.ContentLength = postBytes.Length;
                     Stream st = req.GetRequestStream();
                     st.Write(postBytes, , postBytes.Length);
                     st.Close();
                 }

                 System.Net.ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback += (se, cert, chain, sslerror) =>
                 {
                     return true;
                 };

                 Encoding myEncoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8");

                 HttpWebResponse res = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse();
                 Stream resst = res.GetResponseStream();
                 StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(resst, myEncoding);
                 string str = sr.ReadToEnd();

                 return str;
             }
             catch (Exception)
             {
                 return string.Empty;
             }
         }

参考文章地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/TankXiao/archive/2012/02/20/2350421.html