MySQL Atlas 读写分离软件介绍

MySQL Atlas介绍

目录

• MySQL Atlas介绍
  • • 一、MySQL Atlas介绍
    • 1.1.1 MySQL Atlas介绍
    • 1.1.2 Atlas基本管理

一、MySQL Atlas介绍

1.1.1 MySQL Atlas介绍

1. MySQL Atlas介绍

Atlas是由 Qihoo 360, Web平台部基础架构团队开发维护的一个基于MySQL协议的数据中间层项目。

它是在mysql-proxy 0.8.2版本的基础上，对其进行了优化，增加了一些新的功能特性。

360内部使用Atlas运行的mysql业务，每天承载的读写请求数达几十亿条。

软件下载地址：https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases

常用读写分离软件

1、Atlas 下载地址：https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases

2、proxySQL 官方地址：https://www.proxysql.com/

3、maxscale 官方地址：https://mariadb.com/kb/en/maxscale-22-getting-started/

4、MySQL-Router MySQL官方

1. Atlas 部署

MHA+Atlas 高可用读写分离（部署前提有MHA高可用环境）
MHA高可用部署：https://www.cnblogs.com/woaiyunwei/p/13210749.html
[root@db03 /server/tools]# ll Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4963681 Jul  2 14:41 Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@db03 /server/tools]# rpm -ivh Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:Atlas-2.2.1-1                    ################################# [100%]

[root@db03 /server/tools]# rpm -qa Atlas
Atlas-2.2.1-1.x86_64

[root@db03 /server/tools]# rpm -ql Atlas
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/VERSION
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf      #配置文件

1. 配置Atlas配置文件

[root@db03 /server/tools]# cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# cp test.cnf{,.backup}
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2810 Dec 17  2014 test.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2810 Jul  2 14:52 test.cnf.backup

[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# cat test.cnf
[mysql-proxy]

#带#号的为非必需的配置项目

#管理接口的用户名
admin-username = user

#管理接口的密码
admin-password = pwd

#Atlas后端连接的MySQL主库的IP和端口，可设置多项，用逗号分隔
proxy-backend-addresses = 127.0.0.1:3306

#Atlas后端连接的MySQL从库的IP和端口，@后面的数字代表权重，用来作负载均衡，若省略则默认为1，可设置多项，用逗号分隔
#proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 127.0.0.1:3305@1

#用户名与其对应的加密过的MySQL密码，密码使用PREFIX/bin目录下的加密程序encrypt加密，下行的user1和user2为示例，将其替换为你的MySQL的用户名和加密密码！
pwds = user1:+jKsgB3YAG8=, user2:GS+tr4TPgqc=

#设置Atlas的运行方式，设为true时为守护进程方式，设为false时为前台方式，一般开发调试时设为false，线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。
daemon = true

#设置Atlas的运行方式，设为true时Atlas会启动两个进程，一个为monitor，一个为worker，monitor在worker意外退出后会自动将其重启，设为false时只有worker，没有monitor，一般开发调试时设为false，线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。
keepalive = true

#工作线程数，对Atlas的性能有很大影响，可根据情况适当设置
event-threads = 8

#日志级别，分为message、warning、critical、error、debug五个级别
log-level = message

#日志存放的路径
log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log

#SQL日志的开关，可设置为OFF、ON、REALTIME，OFF代表不记录SQL日志，ON代表记录SQL日志，REALTIME代表记录SQL日志且实时写入磁盘，默认为OFF
#sql-log = OFF

#慢日志输出设置。当设置了该参数时，则日志只输出执行时间超过sql-log-slow（单位：ms)的日志记录。不设置该参数则输出全部日志。
#sql-log-slow = 10

#实例名称，用于同一台机器上多个Atlas实例间的区分
#instance = test

#Atlas监听的工作接口IP和端口
proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:1234

#Atlas监听的管理接口IP和端口
admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345

#分表设置，此例中person为库名，mt为表名，id为分表字段，3为子表数量，可设置多项，以逗号分隔，若不分表则不需要设置该项
#tables = person.mt.id.3

#默认字符集，设置该项后客户端不再需要执行SET NAMES语句
#charset = utf8

#允许连接Atlas的客户端的IP，可以是精确IP，也可以是IP段，以逗号分隔，若不设置该项则允许所有IP连接，否则只允许列表中的IP连接
#client-ips = 127.0.0.1, 192.168.1

#Atlas前面挂接的LVS的物理网卡的IP(注意不是虚IP)，若有LVS且设置了client-ips则此项必须设置，否则可以不设置
#lvs-ips = 192.168.1.1

配置mysql管理员和后端连接用户的密码加密
rep用户
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# ./encrypt 123456
/iZxz+0GRoA=
mha用户
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# ./encrypt mha
O2jBXONX098=

修改如下：
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# cat test.cnf
[mysql-proxy]
admin-username = user  #atlas 用户
admin-password = pwd   #atlas 密码
proxy-backend-addresses = 10.4.7.55:3306 #写操作数据库 一般为MHAVIP
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 10.4.7.52:3306,10.4.7.53:3306   #读操作数据库
pwds = rep:/iZxz+0GRoA=,mha:O2jBXONX098=                            #mysql数据库管理员，后端连接用户的用户名和密码（这里是测试不代表生产环境） 上面的加密密码就放在这里（注意：密码需要对应用户）
daemon = true
keepalive = true
event-threads = 8
log-level = message
log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log  #log日志
sql-log=ON
proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:33060
admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345
charset=utf8

1. 启动Atlas

[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test start
OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started

注意：Atlas可以通过不同配置文件，管理多个读写分离项目
比如：
 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test start （test=test.conf的前缀）
 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test1 start

查看进程
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# ps -ef |grep proxy
root      53814      1  0 15:52 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
root      53815  53814  0 15:52 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
root      53980  18787  0 15:57 pts/5    00:00:00 grep --color=auto proxy

1. 读写验证

读操作验证：
[root@db02 ~]#  mysql -umha -pmha -h 10.4.7.53 -P33060   #这里的端口是Atlas proxy-address 代理的端口 而不是mysql的端口
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.0.81-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

db02 [(none)]>select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|          52 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

db02 [(none)]>select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|          53 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

读操作的sever_id轮询到52 53 证明读写分离 读操作成功

写操作验证：
db02 [(none)]>begin;select @@server_id;commit;  #这是三条语句，分号隔开的。
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|          51 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

1. 生产用户要求 (Atlas+MHA+VIP+SENDREPORT+BINLOG)

需求：开发人员申请一个应用用户 app(  select  update  insert)  密码123456,要通过10网段登录

1. 在主库中,创建用户
grant select ,update,insert on *.* to app@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123456';

2. 在atlas中添加生产用户
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt  123456      ---->制作加密密码

3. 改配置文件
vim test.cnf
pwds = rep:/iZxz+0GRoA=,mha:O2jBXONX098=,app:/iZxz+0GRoA=

/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test restart
[root@db03 conf]# mysql -uapp -p123456  -h 10.4.7.53 -P 33060

1.1.2 Atlas基本管理

1. Atlas基本管理

登录：
[root@db03 ~]# mysql -uuser -ppwd -h 10.4.7.53 -P2345
查看帮助：
db03 [(none)]>select * from help;
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| command                    | description                                             |
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| SELECT * FROM help         | shows this help                                         |
| SELECT * FROM backends     | lists the backends and their state                      |
| SET OFFLINE $backend_id    | offline backend server, $backend_id is backend_ndx's id |
| SET ONLINE $backend_id     | online backend server, ...                              |
| ADD MASTER $backend        | example: "add master 127.0.0.1:3306", ...               |
| ADD SLAVE $backend         | example: "add slave 127.0.0.1:3306", ...                |
| REMOVE BACKEND $backend_id | example: "remove backend 1", ...                        |
| SELECT * FROM clients      | lists the clients                                       |
| ADD CLIENT $client         | example: "add client 192.168.1.2", ...                  |
| REMOVE CLIENT $client      | example: "remove client 192.168.1.2", ...               |
| SELECT * FROM pwds         | lists the pwds                                          |
| ADD PWD $pwd               | example: "add pwd user:raw_password", ...               |
| ADD ENPWD $pwd             | example: "add enpwd user:encrypted_password", ...       |
| REMOVE PWD $pwd            | example: "remove pwd user", ...                         |
| SAVE CONFIG                | save the backends to config file                        |
| SELECT VERSION             | display the version of Atlas                            |
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
16 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看后端节点：
db03 [(none)]> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
|           1 | 10.4.7.55:3306 | up    | rw   |
|           2 | 10.4.7.52:3306 | up    | ro   |
|           3 | 10.4.7.53:3306 | up    | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

1. 临时关闭维护和开启

 SET OFFLINE $backend_id    | offline backend server, $backend_id is backend_ndx's id |
| SET ONLINE $backend_id     | online backend server, ...
例如：需要临时维护一下53 ，就可以临时关闭53，维护好之后在开启
db03 [(none)]>set offline 3;   #3是backend_ndx 索引号
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state   | type |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
|           3 | 10.4.7.53:3306 | offline | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

db03 [(none)]> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state   | type |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
|           1 | 10.4.7.55:3306 | up      | rw   |
|           2 | 10.4.7.52:3306 | up      | ro   |
|           3 | 10.4.7.53:3306 | offline | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

维护完成开启
db03 [(none)]>set online 3;
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state   | type |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
|           3 | 10.4.7.53:3306 | unknown | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

db03 [(none)]> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
|           1 | 10.4.7.55:3306 | up    | rw   |
|           2 | 10.4.7.52:3306 | up    | ro   |
|           3 | 10.4.7.53:3306 | up    | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+

1. 动态删除和添加从库（读库）

删除：
db03 [(none)]> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
|           1 | 10.4.7.55:3306 | up    | rw   |
|           2 | 10.4.7.52:3306 | up    | ro   |
|           3 | 10.4.7.53:3306 | up    | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

db03 [(none)]>remove backend 3;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

db03 [(none)]> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
|           1 | 10.4.7.55:3306 | up    | rw   |
|           2 | 10.4.7.52:3306 | up    | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

保存：
db03 [(none)]>SAVE CONFIG;  保存到配置文件
Empty set (0.00 sec)

查看配置文件：
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# grep -i read-only /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=10.4.7.52:3306
#配置文件里只剩下52了

添加从库（读库）
db03 [(none)]>add slave 10.4.7.53:3306;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

db03 [(none)]> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
|           1 | 10.4.7.55:3306 | up    | rw   |
|           2 | 10.4.7.52:3306 | up    | ro   |
|           3 | 10.4.7.53:3306 | up    | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

保存到配置文件：
db03 [(none)]>SAVE CONFIG;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

查看配置文件：
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# grep -i read-only /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=10.4.7.52:3306,10.4.7.53:3306
#53添加成功

#注意最后一定要保存

1. 动态删除和添加用户

删除用户：
删除rep用户：
db03 [(none)]>remove pwd rep;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

保存：
db03 [(none)]>save config;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

查看配置文件：
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# grep -i pwds /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
pwds=mha:O2jBXONX098=
#rep 用户被删除了

添加用户：
db03 [(none)]>add pwd rep:123456;    #add pwd 用户:密码
Empty set (0.00 sec)

保存：
db03 [(none)]>save config;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

查看配置文件：
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# grep -i pwds /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
pwds=mha:O2jBXONX098=,rep:/iZxz+0GRoA=
#添加成功
db03 [(none)]>SELECT * FROM pwds ;
+----------+--------------+
| username | password     |
+----------+--------------+
| mha      | O2jBXONX098= |
| rep      | /iZxz+0GRoA= |
+----------+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)