std::hash<std::pair<int, int> >

标题是搞笑的

! 这个问题只需要 since C++11

问题：怎么让 unordered_map 支持使用 pair 作为 key？

如果你能把两个东西压到一个基本类型里那么就不用解决这个问题了 .

我们需要手写一个 Hash 函数吧 .

如果你用 xor 会被轻易卡掉

注意 unordered_map 如果哈希冲突了是单次线性的 .

事实证明一个有效的 Hash 函数是能加快程序运行速度的 .

#include <functional>
// from boost (functional/hash):
// see http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_35_0/doc/html/hash/combine.html template
template <typename T>
inline void hash_combine(std::size_t &seed, const T &val) {
    seed ^= std::hash<T>()(val) + 0x9e3779b9 + (seed << 6) + (seed >> 2);
}
// auxiliary generic functions to create a hash value using a seed
template <typename T> inline void hash_val(std::size_t &seed, const T &val) {
    hash_combine(seed, val);
}
template <typename T, typename... Types>
inline void hash_val(std::size_t &seed, const T &val, const Types &... args) {
    hash_combine(seed, val);
    hash_val(seed, args...);
}

template <typename... Types>
inline std::size_t hash_val(const Types &... args) {
    std::size_t seed = 0;
    hash_val(seed, args...);
    return seed;
}

struct pair_hash {
    template <class T1, class T2>
    std::size_t operator()(const std::pair<T1, T2> &p) const {
        return hash_val(p.first, p.second);
    }
};

// unordered_map<pair<string, string>, int, pair_hash>

Bonus.

Tuple

#include <functional>

namespace hash_tuple {
template <typename TT> struct hash {
    size_t operator()(TT const &tt) const { return std::hash<TT>()(tt); }
};

// from boost (functional/hash):
// see http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_35_0/doc/html/hash/combine.html template
template <class T> inline void hash_combine(std::size_t &seed, T const &v) {
    seed ^= hash_tuple::hash<T>()(v) + 0x9e3779b9 + (seed << 6) + (seed >> 2);
}

// Recursive template code derived from Matthieu M.
template <class Tuple, size_t Index = std::tuple_size<Tuple>::value - 1>
struct HashValueImpl {
    void operator()(size_t &seed, Tuple const &tuple) const {
        HashValueImpl<Tuple, Index - 1>{}(seed, tuple);
        hash_combine(seed, std::get<Index>(tuple));
    }
};
template <class Tuple> struct HashValueImpl<Tuple, 0> {
    void operator()(size_t &seed, Tuple const &tuple) const {
        hash_combine(seed, std::get<0>(tuple));
    }
};

template <typename... TT> struct hash<std::tuple<TT...>> {
    size_t operator()(std::tuple<TT...> const &tt) const {
        size_t seed = 0;
        HashValueImpl<std::tuple<TT...>>{}(seed, tt);
        return seed;
    }
};
// auxiliary generic functions to create a hash value using a seed
template <typename T> inline void hash_val(std::size_t &seed, const T &val) {
    hash_combine(seed, val);
}

template <typename T, typename... Types>
inline void hash_val(std::size_t &seed, const T &val, const Types &... args) {
    hash_combine(seed, val);
    hash_val(seed, args...);
}

template <typename... Types>
inline std::size_t hash_val(const Types &... args) {
    std::size_t seed = 0;
    hash_val(seed, args...);
    return seed;
}

struct pair_hash {
    template <class T1, class T2>
    std::size_t operator()(const std::pair<T1, T2> &p) const {
        return hash_val(p.first, p.second);
    }
};
} // namespace hash_tuple

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

int main() {
    using ll = long long;
    // std::unordered_map<std::pair<ll, ll>, ll, hash_tuple::pair_hash>
    // hashmapPair; std::unordered_set<std::pair<ll, ll>, hash_tuple::pair_hash>
    // hashsetPair;

    std::unordered_map<std::pair<ll, ll>, ll, hash_tuple::pair_hash>
        hashmapPair;
    hashmapPair[{0, 0}] = 10;
    std::unordered_set<std::pair<ll, ll>, hash_tuple::pair_hash> hashsetPair;
    hashsetPair.insert({1, 1});

    using TI = std::tuple<ll, ll, ll, ll>;
    std::unordered_map<TI, ll, hash_tuple::hash<TI>> hashmapTuple;
    hashmapTuple[{0, 1, 2, 3}] = 10;
    std::unordered_set<TI, hash_tuple::hash<TI>> hashsetTuple;
    hashsetTuple.emplace(0, 1, 2, 3);

    return 0;
}

Reference:

• Why can't I compile an unordered_map with a pair as key? - Stack Overflow
• pair 作为 unordered_map unordered_set 的键值 C++ - YoungForest；English Ver. .