Rman备份异机恢复

最后更新时间：2018/12/29

前置条件

已准备一台安装好Centos６+oracle11gr2 软件的服务器;

只安装了 oracle 数据库软件，需要手工创建以下目录：

#环境变量

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

#由于只安装软件未创建数据库所以需创建对应文件夹

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/adump/

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/dpdump/

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/pfile/

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/orcl/

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area/orcl

备份集放置目录：/u02/rmans

data放置备份集文件；

init_files 放置备份集生成后，手工备份的 spfile 及 control 文件。

[oracle@localhost rmans]$ ls /u02/rmans

data expdp.sh init_files logs startrmans.sh

本次恢复主要难点：

1. 备份集的数据库版本不同，由 11.2.0.1 升级为 11.2.0.4；

2. 数据库安装路径也不一样，数据文件、日志文件、控制文件路径都重定义；

正常情况下恢复，一般是安装的数据库版本、软件安装路径、数据文件路径都一致，会少很多步骤。

恢复操作

[oracle@localhost rmans]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Dec 19 09:28:53 2018

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup nomount;

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes

Fixed Size                     2260088 bytes

Variable Size                285213576 bytes

Database Buffers             775946240 bytes

Redo Buffers                   5517312 bytes

恢复spfile: 需注意对应spfile oracle用户需要有权限访问

RMAN> restore spfile from '/u02/rmans/init_files/ORCL_spfile_1atl4iog_1_1_20181219';

Starting restore at 19-DEC-18

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u02/rmans/init_files/ORCL_spfile_1atl4iog_1_1_20181219

channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete

Finished restore at 19-DEC-18

重启实例

RMAN> startup nomount force;

恢复控制文件

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u02/rmans/init_files/ctl_file_19tl4iod_1_1_20181219';

Starting restore at 19-DEC-18

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=385 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

output file name=/u01/app/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

output file name=/u01/app/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl

Finished restore at 19-DEC-18

挂载数据库

RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted

released channel: ORA_DISK_1

RMAN> list backup of database;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

24      Full    3.29G      DISK        00:00:35     18-DEC-18
         BP Key: 24   Status: EXPIRED Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20181218T143246
         Piece Name: /home/oracle/rmans/data/fullback_ORCL_20181218_35
   List of Datafiles in backup set 24
   File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time Name
   ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
   1       Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
   2       Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
   3       Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
   4       Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
   5       Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/userdat.dbf
   6       Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/useridx.dbf
   7       Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/qcdat.dbf
   8       Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/qcidx.dbf
   9       Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/hisdat.dbf
   10      Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/hisidx.dbf
   11      Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/archdat.dbf
   12      Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/archidx.dbf
   13      Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/suitdat.dbf
   14      Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/suitidx.dbf
   15      Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/sbcdat.dbf
   16      Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/sbcidx.dbf
   17      Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/gszqdat.dbf
   18      Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/gszqidx.dbf
   19      Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/zginfo/ZG_INFO_SPACE.dbf
   20      Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/businessdat.dbf
   21      Full 62638762   18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/businessidx.dbf

路径转换

rman备份集在新主机路径： /u02/rmans/data，备份集生成是在源主机的 /home/oracle/rmans/data ，所以需转换。

注册备份集路径

RMAN> catalog start with '/u02/rmans/data';

Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 19-DEC-18

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=385 device type=DISK

Crosschecked 5 objects

Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 19-DEC-18

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 19-DEC-18

using channel ORA_DISK_1

Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 19-DEC-18

searching for all files in the recovery area

cataloging files...

no files cataloged

searching for all files that match the pattern /u02/rmans/data

List of Files Unknown to the Database

=====================================

File Name: /u02/rmans/data/fullback_ORCL_20181219_39

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes

cataloging files...

cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files

=======================

File Name: /u02/rmans/data/fullback_ORCL_20181219_39

数据文件路径转换

run{

set newname for datafile 1 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf';

set newname for datafile 2 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf';

set newname for datafile 3 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf';

set newname for datafile 4 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf';

set newname for datafile 5 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/userdat.dbf';

set newname for datafile 6 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/useridx.dbf';

set newname for datafile 7 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/qcdat.dbf';

set newname for datafile 8 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/qcidx.dbf';

set newname for datafile 9 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/hisdat.dbf';

set newname for datafile 10 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/hisidx.dbf';

set newname for datafile 11 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/archdat.dbf';

set newname for datafile 12 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/archidx.dbf';

set newname for datafile 13 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/suitdat.dbf';

set newname for datafile 14 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/suitidx.dbf';

set newname for datafile 15 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/sbcdat.dbf';

set newname for datafile 16 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/sbcidx.dbf';

set newname for datafile 17 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/gszqdat.dbf';

set newname for datafile 18 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/gszqidx.dbf';

set newname for datafile 19 to '/u01/app/oradata/zginfo/ZG_INFO_SPACE.dbf';

set newname for datafile 20 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/businessdat.dbf';

set newname for datafile 21 to '/u01/app/oradata/orcl/businessidx.dbf';

set until scn 62754360;

restore database;

SWITCH DATAFILE ALL;

recover database;

}

....

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET until clause

Starting restore at 19-DEC-18

using channel ORA_DISK_1

skipping datafile 1; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

skipping datafile 2; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

skipping datafile 3; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

skipping datafile 4; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

skipping datafile 5; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/userdat.dbf

skipping datafile 6; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/useridx.dbf

skipping datafile 7; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/qcdat.dbf

skipping datafile 8; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/qcidx.dbf

skipping datafile 9; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/hisdat.dbf

skipping datafile 10; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/hisidx.dbf

skipping datafile 11; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/archdat.dbf

skipping datafile 12; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/archidx.dbf

skipping datafile 13; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/suitdat.dbf

skipping datafile 14; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/suitidx.dbf

skipping datafile 15; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/sbcdat.dbf

skipping datafile 16; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/sbcidx.dbf

skipping datafile 17; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/gszqdat.dbf

skipping datafile 18; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/gszqidx.dbf

skipping datafile 19; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/zginfo/ZG_INFO_SPACE.dbf

skipping datafile 20; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/businessdat.dbf

skipping datafile 21; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/orcl/businessidx.dbf

restore not done; all files read only, offline, or already restored

Finished restore at 19-DEC-18

Starting recover at 19-DEC-18

using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00

Finished recover at 19-DEC-18

日志目录转换

SQL> alter database rename file '/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' to '/u01/app/oradata/onlinelogs/redo01.log';

Database altered.

SQL>

SQL> alter database rename file '/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' to '/u01/app/oradata/onlinelogs/redo02.log';

Database altered.

SQL>

SQL> alter database rename file '/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' to '/u01/app/oradata/onlinelogs/redo03.log';

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open RESETLOGS;

alter database open RESETLOGS

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00392: log 1 of thread 1 is being cleared, operation not allowed

ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/app/oradata/onlinelogs/redo01.log'

SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 1;

Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 2;

Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 3;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

alter database open resetlogs

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced

ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure

ORA-39700: database must be opened with UPGRADE option

Process ID: 4356

Session ID: 1144 Serial number: 3

--下面尝试upgrade，因为当前基于一个11.2.0.1的备份恢复到11.2.0.4，所以需要upgrade

sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Feb 24 16:03:15 2016

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup upgrade;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes

Fixed Size                  2260088 bytes

Variable Size             704643976 bytes

Database Buffers          352321536 bytes

Redo Buffers                9711616 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql; --执行升级脚本

注意

spfile 不存在

spfile 是实例启动时必要的参数文件，如果不存在，无法使用 startup nomount 启动到 nomount 状态。

如果没有spfile，需要自己编辑一个pfile，然后启动时使用：

RMAN> startup pfile='/tmp/initorcl.ora' nomount;

启动完后创建spfile

SQL> create spfile from pfile='/tmp/initorcl.ora';

File created.

control 文件trace出创建脚本

control文件不存在或者有问题时，数据库无法 mount。

ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE;

执行完后可到系统 trace 日志目录下找到 alert_orcl.log，在里面可看到trc文件，trc文件包含了创建control文件的命令。

类似以下内容：

Backup controlfile written to trace file /u01/app/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_4146.trc

Completed: ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE

Wed Dec 19 12:09:15 2018

参考文章：

https://www.cnblogs.com/storymedia/p/4536553.html

https://blog.csdn.net/leshami/article/details/50913867