超越村后端开发（2：新建models.py+xadmin的引入）

1.新建Model

1.users数据

1.在apps/users/models.py中：

from datetime import datetime
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser

# Create your models here.

class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
    """
    管理员
    """
    name=models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name='姓名')
    mobile=models.CharField(max_length=11,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name='电话')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name='管理员'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

class WxUsers(models.Model):
    """
    微信用户
    """
    open_id=models.CharField(max_length=64,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name='OpenId')
    token=models.CharField(max_length=64,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name='token')
    nickName=models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name='微信名')
    avatarUrl=models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name='用户头像URL')
    gender = models.CharField(max_length=4, choices=((',
                              verbose_name='性别')
    city=models.CharField(max_length=20,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name='用户所在市')
    longitude=models.CharField(max_length=10,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name='经度')
    latitude=models.CharField(max_length=10,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name='纬度')
    last_login_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="最后登录时间")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name='微信用户'
        verbose_name_plural=verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.nickName

2.在settings.py中增加配置项：

AUTH_USER_MODEL='users.UserProfile'

3.执行数据更新命令：

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

2.wish数据

1.apps/wish/models.py中：

from django.db import models
from users.models import WxUsers,UserProfile
from datetime import datetime
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
# Create your models here.

class Wish(models.Model):
    """
    愿望表
    """
    wxuser=models.ForeignKey(WxUsers,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    content=models.CharField(max_length=200,default='',verbose_name='愿望内容',help_text='最多200字')
    status=models.CharField(max_length=8, choices=((',
                              verbose_name='阶段')
    end_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="截止时间")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name='愿望表'
        verbose_name_plural=verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.content

class News(models.Model):
    """
    新闻表
    """
    user=models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    banner=models.ImageField(max_length=200, upload_to='banner/',verbose_name='轮播图')
    title=models.CharField(max_length=15,default='',verbose_name='新闻标题',help_text='最多15字')
    content=models.CharField(max_length=800,default='',verbose_name='新闻正文',help_text='最多800字')
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name='新闻表'
        verbose_name_plural=verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    def image_url(self):
        return mark_safe('<img src="/media/{0}" class="field_img">'.format(self.banner))

    image_url.short_description = '轮播图'

class Images(models.Model):
    """
    新闻图片
    """
    image = models.ImageField(max_length=200, upload_to='images/')
    news=models.ForeignKey(News, verbose_name="新闻", blank=True,null=True,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name='添加时间')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "新闻图片"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def image_url(self):
        return mark_safe('<img src="/media/{0}" class="field_img">'.format(self.image))

    image_url.short_description = '图片'

2.安装 pillow包（做图片处理的）

pip install pillow

3.执行数据更新命令：

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

3.user_operation数据

1.apps/user_operation/models.py中：

from django.db import models
from datetime import datetime
from users.models import WxUsers,UserProfile
from wish.models import Wish
# Create your models here.

class Message(models.Model):
    """
    评论表，消息表
    """
    user_send=models.ForeignKey(WxUsers,on_delete=models.CASCADE,verbose_name='发出方',related_name='send')
    user_receive = models.ForeignKey(WxUsers, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='接收方', related_name='receive')
    wish=models.ForeignKey(Wish,on_delete=models.CASCADE,verbose_name='被评论的愿望')
    content = models.CharField(max_length=30, default='', verbose_name='内容', help_text='最多30字')
    is_read=models.BooleanField(default=False,verbose_name='是否已读')
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name='评论表'
        verbose_name_plural=verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.content

class Pick(models.Model):
    """
    点赞表
    """
    user = models.ForeignKey(WxUsers, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='点赞者')
    wish = models.ForeignKey(Wish, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='被点赞的愿望')
    action=models.BooleanField(default=True,verbose_name='行为',help_text='true是点赞false是取消点赞')

    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name='点赞表'
        verbose_name_plural=verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.user

class Share(models.Model):
    """
    分享表
    """
    user = models.ForeignKey(WxUsers, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='分享者')
    wish = models.ForeignKey(Wish, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='被分享的愿望')
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name='分享表'
        verbose_name_plural=verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.user

class Notice(models.Model):
    """
    系统通知表（超越私信）
    """
    admin=models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    content = models.CharField(max_length=200, default='', verbose_name='内容', help_text='最多200字')
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name='系统通知表'
        verbose_name_plural=verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.content

2.执行数据更新命令：

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

2.引入xadmin

1.将xadmin文件夹放入extra_apps目录下：

2.在每个app下新建adminx.py

1.apps/users/目录下新建adminx.py：

import xadmin
from xadmin import views
from .models import WxUsers

class BaseSetting(object):
    enable_themes = True
    use_bootswatch = True

class GlobalSettings(object):
    site_title = "超越村后台管理系统"
    site_footer = "chaoyuecun"
    # menu_style = "accordion"

class WxUsersAdmin(object):
    list_display = ["open_id", "token", "nickName", "gender","city","last_login_time","add_time"]
    list_filter = [ "gender","city","last_login_time","add_time"]
    search_fields = ["gender","city" ]

xadmin.site.register(WxUsers, WxUsersAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(views.BaseAdminView, BaseSetting)
xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView, GlobalSettings)

2.apps/wish/目录下新建adminx.py：

import xadmin
from .models import Wish, News,Images

class WishAdmin(object):
    list_display = ['wxuser', 'content',"status","end_time","add_time"]
    list_filter =['wxuser', 'content',"status","end_time","add_time"]
    search_fields=['wxuser', 'content',"status"]

class NewsAdmin(object):
    list_display = ['user', 'banner',"title","content","add_time"]
    list_filter =['user', 'banner',"title","content","add_time"]
    search_fields=['user', 'banner',"title","content"]

class ImagesAdmin(object):
    list_display = ['image', 'news', "add_time"]
    list_filter = ['image', 'news', "add_time"]
    search_fields = ['image', 'news']

xadmin.site.register(Images, ImagesAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Wish, WishAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(News, NewsAdmin)

3.apps/user_operation/目录下新建adminx.py：

import xadmin
from .models import Message,Pick,Share,Notice

class MessageAdmin(object):
    list_display = ['user_send', 'user_receive',"wish","content","is_read","add_time"]
    list_filter =['user_send', 'user_receive',"wish","content","is_read","add_time"]
    search_fields=['user_send', 'user_receive',"wish","content","is_read"]

class PickAdmin(object):
    list_display = ['user', 'wish',"action","add_time"]
    list_filter =['user', 'wish',"action","add_time"]
    search_fields=['user', 'wish']

class ShareAdmin(object):
    list_display = ['user', 'wish',"add_time"]
    list_filter =['user', 'wish',"add_time"]
    search_fields=['user', 'wish']

class NoticeAdmin(object):
    list_display = ['admin', 'content',"add_time"]
    list_filter =['admin', 'content',"add_time"]
    search_fields=['admin', 'content']

xadmin.site.register(Message, MessageAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Pick, PickAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Share, ShareAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Notice, NoticeAdmin)

3.安装和配置xadmin依赖包

1.安装依赖包 django-crispy-forms django-reversion django-formtools future httplib2 six django-import-export

pip install django-crispy-forms django-reversion django-formtools future httplib2 six django-import-export

2.在settings中注册

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'users.apps.UsersConfig',
    'wish.apps.WishConfig',
    'user_operation.apps.UserOperationConfig',
    'crispy_forms',
    'xadmin'
]

3.安装用来操作和导出Excel文件的包 xlwt xlsxwriter

pip install xlwt xlsxwriter

4.打开终端，执行数据更新命令，生成xadmin默认的表

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

5.配置url,在chaoyuecun/urls.py:

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
import xadmin

urlpatterns = [
    # path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
]

6.创建超级用户

python manage.py createsuperuser
Username: admin
邮箱:
Password:
Password (again):

创建完毕，启动项目，然后访问

http://127.0.0.1:8000/xadmin/

就可以登录xadmin后台了，但是此时后台还是英文的。

7.将语言设定为中文

1.在settings中修改

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = False

2.在每个app下的apps.py中做修改，加上verbose_name

1.apps/users/apps.py：

from django.apps import AppConfig

class UsersConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'users'
    verbose_name = '用户'

1.apps/user_operation/apps.py：

from django.apps import AppConfig

class UserOperationConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'user_operation'
    verbose_name = '用户操作'

1.apps/wish/apps.py：

from django.apps import AppConfig

class WishConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'wish'
    verbose_name = '愿望'

这时再看xadmin界面，已经变成中文的了。