CentOS 7 yum 安装 MySQL5.7

1、下载 MySQL 官方的 Yum Repository ，官网地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

从 MySQL 官网选取合适的 MySQL 版本，获取下载地址。

然后使用 wget 下载：

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
--2017-10-19 04:44:56--  http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release
-el7-7.noarch.rpm
Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11

2、安装 yum Repository

[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8984 Nov 12  2015 mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Examining mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm: mysql57-community-rel
ease-el7-8.noarch
Marking mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-8 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===========================================================================
 Package        Arch   Version
                             Repository                               Size
===========================================================================
Installing:
 mysql57-community-release
                noarch el7-8 /mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch 8.2 k

Transaction Summary
===========================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total size: 8.2 k
Installed size: 8.2 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch                  1/1
  Verifying  : mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch                  1/1 

Installed:
  mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-8                                 

Complete!

3、安装 MySQL 服务端

查看 mysql server

[root@localhost ~]# yum search mysql-com
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
mysql-connectors-community                          | 2.5 kB     00:00
mysql-tools-community                               | 2.5 kB     00:00
mysql57-community                                   | 2.5 kB     00:00
(1/3): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db   |  16 kB   00:00
(2/3): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db        |  35 kB   00:00
(3/3): mysql57-community/x86_64/primary_db            | 124 kB   00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.btte.net
 * extras: mirrors.cn99.com
 * updates: mirrors.sohu.com
========================= N/S matched: mysql-com ==========================
mysql-community-client.i686 : MySQL database client applications and tools
mysql-community-client.x86_64 : MySQL database client applications and
                              : tools
mysql-community-common.i686 : MySQL database common files for server and
                            : client libs
mysql-community-common.x86_64 : MySQL database common files for server and
                              : client libs
mysql-community-devel.i686 : Development header files and libraries for
                           : MySQL database client applications
mysql-community-devel.x86_64 : Development header files and libraries for
                             : MySQL database client applications
mysql-community-embedded.i686 : MySQL embedded library
mysql-community-embedded.x86_64 : MySQL embedded library
mysql-community-embedded-compat.i686 : MySQL embedded compat library
mysql-community-embedded-compat.x86_64 : MySQL embedded compat library
mysql-community-embedded-devel.i686 : Development header files and
     ...: libraries for MySQL as an embeddable library
mysql-community-embedded-devel.x86_64 : Development header files and
     ...: libraries for MySQL as an embeddable library
mysql-community-libs.i686 : Shared libraries for MySQL database client
                          : applications
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 : Shared libraries for MySQL database client
                            : applications
mysql-community-libs-compat.i686 : Shared compat libraries for MySQL 5.6.25
                                 : database client applications
mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 : Shared compat libraries for MySQL
                                   : 5.6.37 database client applications
mysql-community-release.noarch : MySQL repository configuration for yum
mysql-community-server.x86_64 : A very fast and reliable SQL database
                              : server
mysql-community-test.x86_64 : Test suite for the MySQL database server

  Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

安装

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server.x86_64
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.btte.net
 * extras: mirrors.cn99.com
 * updates: mirrors.sohu.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 will be obsoleted

等待执行安装完成。

4、启动 mysql 服务

然后启动，注意 CentOS7 的启动方式和以前不一样，CentOS7 使用了 systemctl

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service

查看启动是否成功

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor
preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2017-10-19 04:55:02 CST; 11s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 4346 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/
mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 4271 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, stat
us=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 4349 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─4349 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysql...

Oct 19 04:54:58 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Oct 19 04:55:02 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

上面显示 active (running) 则表示已经正常启动。

5、登陆数据库

然后就可以进入数据库了，这里注意一点，MySQL5.7.6 之后会在启动 mysql 进程的时候生成一个用户密码，首次登陆需要这个密码才行。密码保存在 mysql 进程的日志里，即(/var/log/mysqld.log)

查看登陆密码

[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep 'password'
2017-10-18T20:54:59.169015Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: I-<k&>wb&0h*

然后登陆

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.20

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved
.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input stateme
nt.

mysql>

到这里 MySQL 就完全安装完成了。

6、修改 root 密码

但是如果想正常使用还需要修改密码，以前的 password()函数将会被抛弃，官方建议使用下面的命令来修改密码

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requi
rements

密码不能太简单

这里我们注意设置密码 长度要大于8，同时要有数字，大小写，特殊字符。

最后，安装完了可以删除 MySQL 的 Repository ，这样可以减少 yum 检查更新的时间，使用下面的命令。

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-8