查看帮助文档的一些方法：help，dir，type，func_global等

help与dir与type：在使用python来编写代码时，会经常使用python自带函数或模块，一些不常用的函数或是模块的用途不是很清楚，这时候就需要用到help函数来查看帮助。
这里要注意下，help()函数是查看函数或模块用途的详细说明，而dir()函数是查看函数或模块内的操作方法都有什么，输出的是方法列表，对于函数还会输出属性。type查看变量属性

例子：a=[1,2,3,4]

help(a)显示如下：

class list(object)
| list() -> new empty list
| list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
|
| Methods defined here:
·······
| append(...)
| L.append(object) -- append object to end
|
| count(...)
| L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value
|
| extend(...)
| L.extend(iterable) -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable
|
| index(...)
| L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
| Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
|
| insert(...)
| L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index
|
| pop(...)
| L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
| Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
|
| remove(...)
| L.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value.
| Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
|
| reverse(...)
| L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE*
|
| sort(...)
| L.sort(cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) -- stable sort *IN PLACE*;
| cmp(x, y) -> -1, 0, 1
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __hash__ = None
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T

dir(a)显示如下：

['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__delslice__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__setslice__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']

def add(x,y)

return x+y

dir(add)==》['__call__', '__class__', '__closure__', '__code__', '__defaults__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__get__', '__getattribute__', '__globals__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__name__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'func_closure', 'func_code', 'func_defaults', 'func_dict', 'func_doc', 'func_globals', 'func_name']

add.func_globals==》{'__builtins__': <module '__builtin__' (built-in)>, '__file__': 'H:\\LearnPython\\\xba\xaf\xca\xfd\xb5\xc4\xca\xf4\xd0\xd4\xd3\xeb\xb2\xd9\xd7\xf7.py', '__package__': None, 'add': <function add at 0x0272F670>, '__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None}

type(a)显示：<type 'list'>

help也可查看模块属性，只需将模块值传入，如help(string)