mysql8.0环境搭建linux

本文主要介绍如何在linux环境（64位）下搭建mysql8.0的数据库环境

1、到指定目录下下载安装包

[root@minio3 ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@minio3 src]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

2、解压mysql8, 通过xz命令解压出tar包(这里时间可能会久一点根据服务器性能决定请耐心等待) 然后通过tar命令解压出文件夹

[root@minio3 src]# xz -d mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@minio3 src]# tar xvf mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar

3、将/usr/local/src下的mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64文件夹内容移动到/usr/local/mysql下

[root@minio3 local]# cd /usr/local
[root@minio3 local]# mkdir mysql
[root@minio3 local]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@minio3 src]# mv /usr/local/src/mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql
[root@minio3 src]# cd /usr/local/mysql

4、创建用户组及用户和密码并授权

[root@minio3 mysql]# groupadd mysql
[root@minio3 mysql]# useradd -g mysql mysql
[root@minio3 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

5、编辑my.cnf文件

[root@minio3 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
清空默认的配置将如下内容复制到配置文件中
[mysqld]
user=root
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
port=3306
max_connections=200
max_connect_errors=10
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
lower_case_table_names=1
group_concat_max_len=102400
wait_timeout=31536000
interactive_timeout=31536000
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[client]
port=3306
default-character-set=utf8

6、初始化基础信息，最后一行后面会有个随机的初始密码保存下来一会登录要用(如果忘记了就删掉data重新初始化)

[root@minio3 mysql]# cd bin
[root@minio3 bin]# ./mysqld --initialize
2022-04-27T08:57:45.274724Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.20) initializing of server in progress as process 150492
2022-04-27T08:57:45.277480Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013242] [Server] --character-set-server: 'utf8' is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous.
2022-04-27T08:57:45.291420Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-04-27T08:57:46.124824Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-04-27T08:57:47.882182Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: OLOkz_e)c8Jw

注意上面最后一行生成的默认密码：OLOkz_e)c8Jw  后面登录要用

7、添加mysqld服务到系统，授权以及添加服务

[root@minio3 bin]# cd ..
[root@minio3 mysql]# cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@minio3 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@minio3 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql

8、启动mysql

注：任何路径都可以
[root@minio3 opt]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/minio3.err'.
. SUCCESS!

9、将mysql添加到命令服务

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin

10、登录mysql

注：输入第6步中生成的初始密码
[root@minio3 opt]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.20

11、更改密码

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'pass';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

12、更改root连接权限，创建数据库devdb

mysql> use mysql
mysql>  create database devdb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>  update user set host='%' where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

--查看数据
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| devdb              |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

--查看数据库版本
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.20    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

--查看数据库字符集
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                            |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                             |
| character_set_connection | utf8                             |
| character_set_database   | utf8                             |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                           |
| character_set_results    | utf8                             |
| character_set_server     | utf8                             |
| character_set_system     | utf8                             |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

13、退出数据库

mysql> exit;
Bye

14、再次登录数据库

注：要输入修改后的密码，此时已经可以用客户端工具连接mysql数据库
[root@minio3 opt]# mysql -uroot -ppass;
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.20 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

15、创建用户并赋权

#进入到mysql.db
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed 

#查看当前的用户以及可访问的地址还有授权能力
mysql> select user,host,grant_priv from user;
+------------------+-----------+------------+
| user             | host      | grant_priv |
+------------------+-----------+------------+
| root             | %         | Y          |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost | N          |
| mysql.session    | localhost | N          |
| mysql.sys        | localhost | N          |
+------------------+-----------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

#如果root用户无授权能力（grant_priv = 'N'），则可以开起来
update mysql.user set Grant_priv='Y' where user='root'; 

#创建用户，最后的参数是密码。‘localhost’表示只能本机登录，也可以设置你期望的登录ip，不设置的话默认是‘%’，也就是都可以登录
mysql> create user 'testuser'@'%' identified by 'testpwd';  

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#给新用户授权，这里授予的权限是只能操作一个数据库（数据库名为：testdb，把数据库名变成 *.* 就是给所有数据库的权限）
#如果root用户只允许localhost登录，而这里授权的时候又给用户授予不管任何地址都可以登录的能力，则会报无权限的错。
#此时需要把root用户也改成‘%’的登录限制才行.也就是说，授权者的可登录源ip范围应该 ≥ 被授权者的可登录源ip范围
#grant all privileges on happy_db.* to 'testdb'@'localhost';  

mysql> grant all privileges on testdb.* to 'testuser'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#删除对应的用户
drop user testuser;

如果启动时工程报错：Fatal error occurred in the transaction branch-check your data for consistency

解决：

mysql> GRANT XA_RECOVER_ADMIN ON *.* TO 'testuser'@'%';

mysql> flush privileges;

补充：

查看数据库默认字符集

mysql> show create database mytestdb;

修改数据库默认字符集

mysql> alter database mytestdb charset utf8mb4;