使用 RMAN 同步数据库

使用 RMAN同步数据库

使用 RMAN 同步数据库

一．概述

二 操作步骤

(一)．把生产库置为归档模式

(二).启动rman做数据库0级备份

(三)．修改生产库数据库到未归档

(四)．拷贝备份集到测试库

(五).在测试库上的操作

一．概述

因项目组遇到要2台数据库同步的问题，决定使用rman来实现此功能，生产库运行在非归档模式，所以操作起来相对麻烦些，生产库最多允许丢失半天数据，晚上可以重启数据，这样就为我们使用rman创造了必要条件，先来理清一下操作步骤:

1. 首先shutdown生产库(node1) ,并修改成归档模式。

2. 使用rman做一个0级备份集，并设置控制文件为自动备份。

3. 修改生产库为非归档模式，并置为open状态。

4. 到测试库上面，修改数据库为归档模式，因没有性能要求，不需要再改回非归档，方便恢复操作。

5. 拷贝备份集到测试库(node2)，备份集的存放位置和生产库保持一致。

6. 启动测试库到nomount状态。

7. 启动rman，第一步先恢复controlfile.里面包含了重要的备份信息。

8. 更改数据库到mount状态.

9. 恢复数据库 restore database,注意,此步骤只会使用最近的一次0级备份，而不会应用增量或差异备份。

10. Recover database,此步骤会首先应用所有的差异或增量备份，然后恢复归档日志，当然在恢复归档时会出现错误，在此可以忽略掉。

11. 使用resetlogs关键字打开数据库，数据库同步完成。

以后每天按上面操作写成脚本自动执行即可，需要注意的地方是把0级备份改为1级或2级即可,这样就可以每半月做一次0级备份，每天晚上做一次1级或2级备份，然后恢复到测试库，以此来实现2数据库的同步.

二操作步骤 (一)．把生产库置为归档模式.

1． [oracle@primary orcl]$ Sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’

2． Sql>shutdown immediate;

3． Sql>startup mount;

4． Sql>alter database archivelog;

5． Sql>alter database open;

6． Sql>quit

(二).启动rman做数据库0级备份

1. [oracle@primary orcl]$ rman target /

2. RMAN>CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

3. RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database format 'full_db_%d_%s_%t_%p';

--第一次同步操作时用该语句。

RMAN>quit;

日常同步备份时使用1级备份

4. [oracle@primary orcl]$ rman target /

5. RMAN>CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

6. RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database format 'increment _db_%d_%s_%t_%p';

7. RMAN>quit;

(三)．修改生产库数据库到未归档.

1. [oracle@primary orcl]$ Sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’

2. Sql>alter database noarchivelog;

3. Sql>alter database open;

4. Sql>quit;

(四)．拷贝备份集到测试库

拷贝备份集文件到测试库，并和生产库相同位置,可以使用sftp或ftp等工具完成。

(五).在测试库上的操作

1. [oracle@primary orcl]$ Sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’

2. Sql>startup nomount;

3. Sql>quit;

4. [oracle@primary orcl]$ rman target /

5. RMAN> restore controlfile from/opt/oracle11g/u01/dbs/c-1190421672-20080819-01';

--该处可修改为实际备份集。

6. RMAN> alter database mount;

7. RMAN> restore database;

8. RMAN> recover database;

9. RMAN>alter database open resetlogs;

注意，所有的增量或差异备份都是用recover database来恢复的，如果丢失增量备份，需用下面方法启动数据库，将可能导致丢失大量数据:

启动sqlplus，使用下面语句清除丢失的增量备份.

Sql>recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;

ORA-00279: ü 1839635 ( 08/18/2008 23:25:21 ú) 1 ±è

ORA-00289: ¨é: /archive/1_74_662640938.dbf

ORA-00280: ü 1839635 ( 1) ò #74

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

Cancel <需要手工输入后回车>

Media recovery cancelled.

最后执行resetlogs关键字启动数据库。

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

备份及同步脚本:
 rman_backup_v1.1.sh

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. #!/bin/bash
2. ###################################################################
3. # Usage:
4. # backup_rman_v1.1.sh [all|repeat|sync]
5. # all: list all backup file.
6. # repeat: repeat level-1 increment backup.
7. # sync: sync backup file to target database.
8. ###################################################################
9. export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle11g/u01
10. export ORACLE_SID=primary
11. export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:${ORACLE_HOME}/ctx/lib
12. export PATH=$PATH:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin
13. export NLS_LANG="American_america.zhs16gbk"
14. export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
15. export backup_dir=/home/oracle/backup/backup
16. export log=/home/oracle/backup/log
17. rsync_dir=$backup_dir #sync dir
18. controlfile_dir=$backup_dir/controlfile
19. username=oracle #target OS ,oracle user
20. password=go2north #target oracle user password
21. target_host=172.16.5.27
22. today_backup=`date +'%Y-%m-%d'`
23. mail_to_admin="zhaorupeng@126.com"
24. ########set display color#########
25. white=$(echo -e "\e[39;40m")
26. green=$(echo -e "\e[36;40m")
27. red=$(echo -e "\e[31;40m")
28. purple=$(echo -e "\e[35;40m")
29. yellow=$(echo -e "\e[33;40m")
30. blue=$(echo -e "\e[34;40m")
31. ########color set end ############
32. # data backup status.
33. # 0: backup failed.
34. # 2: default
35. # 9: success
36. backup_status=2
37. #database status check ,If it's not turn on,the value is 0,or else 1
38. ora_stat=`ps -ef | grep -i 'ora_smon_*' |grep -v grep| wc -l`
39. #database mode check,If it's archive mode,that value is 1,or else 0;
40. arch=`ps -ef | grep -i 'ora_arc_*' | grep -v grep | wc -l`
41. function open_database()
42. {
43. if [ "$ora_stat" = 0 ]; then
44. cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus '/as sysdba'
45. shutdown immediate;
46. startup;
47. quit;
48. EOF
49. backup_status=2
50. if [ "$?" = 1 ]; then
51. echo "database unable strtup!"
52. backup_status=0
53. exit 1
54. fi
55. fi
56. }
57. function open_archive_mode()
58. {
59. if [ "$arch" = 0 ]; then #if arch=1,nothing,because it was already on archive mode
60. echo "****************open archive mode*************"
61. cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus '/as sysdba'
62. shutdown immediate;
63. startup mount;
64. alter database archivelog;
65. alter database open;
66. quit;
67. EOF
68. fi
69. }
70. function return_initaliztion_mode()
71. {
72. if [ "$arch" = 0 -a "$backup_status" > 0 ]; then
73. #if arch=1,nothing,because initialization mode is archive mode
74. echo "********* return initialization database mode**********"
75. cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus '/as sysdba'
76. shutdown immediate;
77. startup mount;
78. alter database noarchivelog;
79. alter database open;
80. quit;
81. EOF
82. fi
83. if [ "$?" = 0 ]; then
84. echo "return initalization database successfully."
85. fi
86. echo "************return initialization database mode *********" ;
87. }
88. function increment_backup_level_1() # incremental level-1 backup
89. {
90. open_database
91. open_archive_mode
92. echo "******** `date +'%Y%m%d'` Do level-1 increment backup....*********************" 2>&1;
93. cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / |tee $log/rman_increment_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`.log
94. configure maxsetsize to 20g;
95. configure controlfile autobackup on;
96. configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '$controlfile_dir/%F';
97. run {
98. allocate channel c01 type disk;
99. backup incremental level 1 database format '$backup_dir/increment_db_%d_%s_%t_%p' tag="increment_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`";
100. release channel c01;
101. }
102. configure controlfile autobackup off;
103. crosscheck backup of database;
104. crosscheck archivelog all;
105. delete noprompt obsolete ;
106. delete noprompt expired backup;
107. delete noprompt backup completed before 'sysdate-30';
108. delete noprompt archivelog until time 'sysdate-14';
109. EOF
110. if [ "$?" = 0 ];then
111. echo "*******************level-1 backup completed!************************"
112. backup_status=9
113. else
114. echo "*****************level-1 backup databae failed,please contact oracle dba*******"
115. backup_status=0
116. fi
117. return $backup_status
118. return_initaliztion_mode
119. }
120. function level_0_backup_database()
121. {
122. open_database
123. open_archive_mode
124. echo "************* Do level-0 backup ****************"
125. cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / |tee $log/rman_full_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`.log
126. configure retention policy to redundancy 30;
127. configure maxsetsize to 20g;
128. configure controlfile autobackup on;
129. configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '$controlfile_dir/%F';
130. crosscheck backup of database;
131. crosscheck archivelog all;
132. delete noprompt obsolete ;
133. delete noprompt expired backup;
134. delete noprompt backup completed before 'sysdate-30';
135. delete noprompt archivelog until time 'sysdate-5';
136. run {
137. allocate channel c1 type disk;
138. backup incremental level 0 database format '$backup_dir/full_db_%d_%s_%t_%p' tag="full_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`";
139. release channel c1 ;
140. }
141. configure controlfile autobackup off;
142. quit;
143. EOF
144. if [ "$?" = 0 ];then
145. echo "*******************level-0 backup completed!************************"
146. backup_status=9
147. else
148. echo "******************level-0 backup databae failed,please contact oracle dba*******"
149. backup_status=0
150. fi
151. return $backup_status
152. return_initaliztion_mode
153. }
154. function repeat_increment_backup()
155. {
156. if [ "$#" = 0 ]; then
157. exit 0
158. else
159. if [ "$1" = "repeat" ]; then
160. echo "************do database increment backup again**************"
161. increment_backup_level_1 $ORACLE_HOME $log $backup_dir
162. echo "************repeat increment backup completed!**************"
163. else
164. echo "command error,please use parameter 'repeat'"
165. exit 0
166. fi
167. fi
168. }
169. # sync target database backup files #
170. function sync()
171. {
172. ping $target_host -c 1 > /dev/null # test network link #
173. if [ $? != 0 ] ; then
174. echo "sync host:$red $target_host $white link failed!,please check network."
175. exit 1
176. fi
177. if [ -f /usr/bin/rsync ]; then
178. #check resync command #
179. cat << EOF > sync
180. #!/usr/bin/expect
181. spawn /usr/bin/rsync -avzu $rsync_dir/ $username@$target_host:$rsync_dir
182. expect "password:"
183. send "$password\n";
184. send "quit\n";
185. interact
186. EOF
187. echo "********copy backup files to target database********"
188. if [ -f sync -a -f /usr/bin/expect ]; then
189. chmod +x sync
190. ./sync
191. rm -rf ./sync
192. #list sync files
193. backup_file=`ls -ltR --full-time $backup_dir/ | egrep -i "increment_|c-" | grep -i $today_backup | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
194. echo "sync files:"
195. echo "$blue"
196. j=0
197. for i in $backup_file
198. do
199. ((j++))
200. a[$j]=$i
201. if [ $j = 3 ]; then
202. echo "${a[`expr $j - 2`]} ${a[`expr $j - 1`]} ${a[$j]}"
203. j=0
204. fi
205. done
206. echo "$white"
207. echo " transtion has succeed.please check the backup files on target database."
208. exit 0
209. else
210. echo "command expect not found, please install Tcl/expect"
211. exit 1
212. fi
213. else
214. echo "command rsync not found,please install!"
215. exit 1
216. fi
217. }
218. if [ -f $log/autobak_`date +'%Y%m%d'`.log ]; then
219. rm -rf $log/autobak_`date +'%Y%m%d'`.log
220. fi
221. (
222. level_0_backup_status=`find $backup_dir/ -name 'full_db_*'| grep -i full_db |grep -v grep | wc -l` 2>&1
223. level_1_backup_status=`ls -l --full-time $backup_dir/ |grep -i 'increment_db_*'| grep -i $today_backup|grep -v grep | wc -l` 2>&1
224. if [ $level_0_backup_status = 0 -a $backup_status = 2 ]; then
225. level_0_backup_database
226. backup_status=$?
227. fi
228. if [ $level_1_backup_status = 0 -a $backup_status = 2 ]; then
229. increment_backup_level_1
230. backup_status=$?
231. fi
232. # ############Today's database backup information##########
233. # check today's backup status #
234. check_backup=`ls -l --full-time $backup_dir/ | egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db_" | awk '{print $6}' | grep -i $today_backup | wc -l`
235. # check today's controlfile backup information #
236. control_file=`ls -lt --full-time $controlfile_dir/ | grep -i "c-*" | grep -i $today_backup | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
237. # check today's increment backup information #
238. backup_file_info=`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db_" | grep -i $today_backup | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
239. log_file_info=`ls -lt --full-time $log/ | egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db_" | grep -i $today_backup | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
240. if [ "$1" = "all" ] ; then
241. backup_file_info=`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db" | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
242. control_file=`ls -lt --full-time $controlfile_dir/ | grep -i "c-*"| awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
243. fi
244. # print today's backup information including controlfile and log information #
245. if [ $check_backup -ge 0 ]; then
246. if [ "$1" = "repeat" ] ; then
247. repeat_increment_backup $1
248. else
249. echo " ############Today's database backup information########## "
250. if [ "$1" = "all" ]; then
251. today_backup=`ls -l --full-time $backup_dir/ | grep -i full_db_* | awk '{print $6}'`
252. echo "List date $purple ${today_backup[0]} $white level-0 backup database after file information"
253. else
254. echo "Date $purple $today_backup $white database backup is completed."
255. fi
256. echo "backup file directory: $backup_dir"
257. echo "backup file information: $green"
258. echo ""
259. j=0
260. for i in $backup_file_info
261. do
262. ((j++))
263. a[$j]=$i
264. if [ $j = 3 ]; then
265. echo "${a[`expr $j - 2`]} ${a[`expr $j - 1`]} $backup_dir/${a[$j]}"
266. j=0
267. fi
268. done
269. echo "$white"
270. echo "Controlfile information:$yellow"
271. echo ""
272. j=0
273. for p in $control_file;do
274. ((j++))
275. a[$j]=$p
276. if [ $j = 3 ] ; then
277. echo "${a[`expr $j - 2`]} ${a[`expr $j - 1`]} $controlfile_dir/${a[$j]}"
278. j=0
279. fi
280. done
281. echo "$white"
282. echo "log information:$blue"
283. echo ""
284. j=0
285. for p in $log_file_info;do
286. ((j++))
287. a[$j]=$p
288. if [ $j = 3 ] ; then
289. echo "${a[`expr $j - 2`]} ${a[`expr $j - 1`]} $log/${a[$j]}"
290. j=0
291. fi
292. done
293. echo "$white"
294. echo "If you want increment backup database again,please use \"repeat\" parameter"
295. echo " ############Today database backup information the end ########## "
296. fi
297. fi
298. # end print backup information #
299. # copy backup file #
300. if [ "$1" = "sync" ] ; then
301. backup_status=9
302. fi
303. if [ "$backup_status" = 9 ]; then
304. sync
305. else
306. echo "Today's Backup file is synced. please check whether it's in the target database."
307. echo "If you want to sync again,please use \"sync\" parameter."
308. exit 0
309. fi
310. echo "If you want to view all backup information,Please use \"all\" parameter."
311. ) 2> $log/autobak_`date +'%Y%m%d'`.log
312. #mail -s "`date +'%Y%m%d'`database backup information" $mail_to_admin<$log/autobak_`date +'%Y%m%d'`.log

恢复脚本:
rman_restore_v1.1.sh

1. #!/bin/sh
2. export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle11g/u01
3. export ORACLE_SID=primary
4. export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:${ORACLE_HOME}/ctx/lib
5. export PATH=$PATH:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin
6. export NLS_LANG="American_america.zhs16gbk"
7. export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
8. export backup_dir=/home/oracle/backup/backup
9. export log=/home/oracle/backup/log
10. rsync_dir=$backup_dir #sync dir
11. controlfile_dir=$backup_dir/controlfile
12. username=oracle #target OS ,oracle user
13. password=go2north #target oracle user password
14. target_host=172.16.5.27
15. today_backup=`date +'%Y-%m-%d'`
16. today=`date +'%Y%m%d'`
17. white=$(echo -e "\e[39;40m")
18. green=$(echo -e "\e[36;40m")
19. red=$(echo -e "\e[31;40m")
20. blue=$(echo -e "\e[33;40m")
21. backup_status=2 #data backup status ,0: backup faild,1: 1 level increment backup,2 : 0 level backup
22. # Begin change restore variable
23. restore_status=true
24. last_restore_file=increment_db_ORCL_76_663449691_1
25. last_restore_date=(2008-08-22 19:36)
26. last_recover_time="2008-08-28 15:12:08"
27. last_restore_time=2
28. last_restore_num=3
29. # End change restore variable
30. #sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/t=[0-9]\+/t='$((t+1))'/' $0
31. #sed -i 's/t=[0-9]\+/t='$((t+1))'/' $0
32. restore_file=`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | grep -i 'increment_db_*' | awk '{print $9}'|head -1`
33. controlfile=`ls -lt --full-time $controlfile_dir | grep -i 'c-*' | awk '{print $9}'| head -1`
34. recover_time=`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | grep -i 'increment_db_*' | awk '{print substr($7,1,5)}'| head -1`
35. recover_date=(`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | grep -i 'increment_db_*' | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,5)}' | head -1`)
36. recover_times=`date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'`
37. function update_backup_info()
38. {
39. sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/restore_status=.*/restore_status=true/' $0
40. sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_file=.*/last_restore_file='"${restore_file}"'/' $0
41. sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/' $0
42. sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_date=.*/last_restore_date='"(${recover_date[*]})"/ $0
43. sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_time=.*/last_restore_time='$((last_restore_time+1))'/' $0
44. sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_num=.*/last_restore_num='$((last_restore_num+1))'/' $0
45. }
46. function restore_database()
47. {
48. echo "************* recover database start ****************"
49. cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus '/as sysdba'
50. shutdown immediate;
51. startup nomount;
52. EOF
53. cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / |tee $log/rman_restore_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`.log
54. run {
55. allocate channel c01 type disk;
56. allocate channel c02 type disk;
57. allocate channel c03 type disk;
58. restore controlfile from "$controlfile_dir/$controlfile";
59. alter database mount;
60. recover database;
61. release channel c01;
62. release channel c02;
63. release channel c03;
64. }
65. alter database open resetlogs;
66. EOF
67. if [ "$?" = 0 ];then
68. echo "*******************restore be completed!************************"
69. backup_status=9
70. update_backup_info
71. exit 0
72. else
73. echo "******************restore database failed,please contact oracle dba*******"
74. sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/' $0
75. sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/restore_status=.*/restore_status=false/' $0
76. fi
77. return "$backup_status"
78. }
79. #delete backup file on the weekend again
80. #file_info=`ls -l $backup_dir/ | grep -i 'increment_backup_*.gz'|wc -l`
81. #if [ $file_count -gt 7 ]
82. #then
83. # del_files=`ls -lR $backup_dir| egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db_"|grep \`date -d "7 days ago" +'%Y-%m-%d'\`|awk "{print $9}"`
84. # rm -f $del_files;
85. # if [ $? = 0 ]
86. # then
87. # echo "removing $del_files"
88. # fi
89. #else
90. # echo "No last file"
91. #
92. #fi
93. ###########################################
94. if [ "$last_restore_file" != "$restore_file" -o "${last_restore_date[1]}" != "$recover_time" ]; then
95. restore_database
96. fi
97. if [ "$1" = "repeat" ] ; then
98. restore_database
99. fi
100. if [ "$restore_status" = "true" -o "${last_restore_date[0]}" = ${recover_date[0]} ]; then
101. echo "Today's sync already completed!"
102. echo "Last restore file: $backup_dir/$last_restore_file"
103. echo "Last restore time: $last_restore_time"
104. echo "The number of times the database be restored today: $last_restore_num"
105. echo "The total number of times the database have ever been restore: $last_recover_time"
106. sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/' $0
107. else
108. sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_time=.*/last_restore_time=0/' $0
109. sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/restore_status=.*/restore_status=false/' $0
110. sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/' $0
111. fi