二进制格式mysql

1.二进制MySQL安装

#下载二进制格式的mysql软件包
wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

#创建用户和组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd  -r -M -s /sbin/nologin  mysql

#解压软件包至/usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
apr       bin  games  include  lib64    mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  sbin   src
apr-util  etc  httpd  lib      libexec  pcre                                 share
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/  mysql
'mysql' -> 'mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/'

#修改目录/usr/local/mysql的所有者和所属组
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql  mysql
[root@localhost local]# ll -d mysql
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 Dec 28 18:31 mysql -> mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/

#添加环境变量，头文件，lib库文件，man帮助等。
#添加环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@localhost ~]# source  /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/httpd/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
#添加头文件
[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv  /usr/local/mysql/include/    /usr/include/mysql
'/usr/include/mysql' -> '/usr/local/mysql/include/'
#lib库文件
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib
[root@localhost mysql]# ldconfig
#添加man文件
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
.........................
#MANDATORY_MANPATH                      /usr/src/pvm3/man
#
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/httpd/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/mysql/man
...............................

#建立存放数据的目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql  /opt/data/
[root@localhost mysql]# ll -d /opt/data/
drwxr-xr-x. 5 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 28 18:44 /opt/data/

#初始化数据库
[root@localhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
2020-12-28T10:44:09.962318Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-12-28T10:44:10.182068Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-12-28T10:44:10.225557Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-12-28T10:44:10.305322Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 9e31ced2-48f9-11eb-b49d-000c29613fc2.
2020-12-28T10:44:10.306143Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-12-28T10:44:10.792012Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-12-28T10:44:10.904959Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 0YE%ilPBm#2O
这个命令的最后会生成一个随机的临时密码，记住此密码：0YE%ilPBm#2O

---

2.MySQL配置文件

mysql的配置文件为/etc/my.cnf

配置文件查找次序：若在多个配置文件中均有设定，则最后找到的最终生效

/etc/my.cnf --> /etc/mysql/my.cnf --> --default-extra-file=/PATH/TO/CONF_FILE --> ~/.my.cnf

MySQL常用配置：

参数	说明
port = 3306	设置监听端口
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock	指定套接字文件位置
basedir = /usr/local/mysql	指定MySQL的安装路径
datadir = /data/mysql	指定MySQL的数据存放路径
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid	指定进程ID文件存放路径
user = mysql	指定MySQL以什么用户的身份提供服务
skip-name-resolve	禁止MySQL对外部连接进行DNS解析 使用这一选项可以消除MySQL进行DNS解析的时间。 若开启该选项，则所有远程主机连接授权都要使用IP地址方 式否则MySQL将无法正常处理连接请求
skip-grand-tables	当忘记mysql用户密码的时候，可以在mysql配置文件中配置该参数，跳过权限表验证，不需要密码即可登录mysql

生成配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve

#配置服务启动脚本
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
magic  mysqld_multi.server  mysql-log-rotate  mysql.server
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/init.d/mysqld    //确保有执行权限
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10576 Dec 28 22:18 /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.

basedir=/usr/local/mysql     #  指定路径
datadir=/opt/data        #  指定路径

#启动mysql
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# ss  -antl
State         Recv-Q         Send-Q                 Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port
LISTEN        0              128                          0.0.0.0:22                        0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN        0              128                             [::]:22                           [::]:*
LISTEN        0              80                                 *:3306                            *:*
LISTEN        0              128                                *:80

修改密码

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p0YE%ilPBm#2O
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.31

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = password('diqiyao123!')
    -> ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p0YE%ilPBm#2O  报错
mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install  ncurses-compat-libs  解决方法

密码忘记破解密码

#修改配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
........
skip-grant-tables  #添加跳过授权表

#重启访问
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld  restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

#登录mysql修改密码
root@localhost ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.31 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * user /G;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'user /G' at line 1
mysql> select *  from user\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                  Host: localhost
                  User: root
..........................................
..........................................
authentication_string: *B1E7B30F66CD26E2A1DB68B6292C274FB7EB3875
    password_expired: N
 password_last_changed: 2020-12-28 22:36:23
     password_lifetime: NULL
        account_locked: N
mysql> update user set authentication_string=password(123456) where User='root' and Host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1
mysql> exit
Bye

#修改配置文件删除skip-grant-tables
#重启服务
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

#验证登录
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.31 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.