ORACLE模拟一个数据文件坏块并使用RMAN备份来恢复

1.创建一个实验用的表空间并在此表空间上创建表

create tablespace blocktest datafile '/u01/oradata/bys1/blocktest.dbf' size 1m;

col name for a40
select file#,name from v$datafile;
     FILE# NAME
---------- ----------------------------------------
         1 /u01/oradata/bys1/system01.dbf
         2 /u01/oradata/bys1/sysaux01.dbf
         3 /u01/oradata/bys1/undotbs01.dbf
         4 /u01/oradata/bys1/users01.dbf
         5 /u01/oradata/bys1/example01.dbf
         6 /u01/oradata/bys1/blocktest.dbf

BYS@bys1>create table test9 tablespace blocktest as select * from scott.emp;

Table created.

BYS@bys1>select count(*) from test9;

COUNT(*)

----------

14

2.使用RMAN对数据库进行备份，这里为了快速实验我只备份了准备制造坏块的数据文件。

[oracle@bys001 ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Sep 13 13:28:36 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: BYS1 (DBID=3957527513)

RMAN> backup datafile 6;

Starting backup at 13-SEP-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/oradata/bys1/blocktest.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 13-SEP-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 13-SEP-13
piece handle=/u01/flash_recovery_area/BYS1/backupset/2013_09_13/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130913T150457_935g8s7w_.bkp tag=TAG20130913T150457 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 13-SEP-13

RMAN> list backupset 7;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
7       Full    1.02M      DISK        00:00:00     13-SEP-13
        BP Key: 7   Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130913T150457
        Piece Name: /u01/flash_recovery_area/BYS1/backupset/2013_09_13/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130913T150457_935g8s7w_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 7
File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
6       Full 1910363    13-SEP-13 /u01/oradata/bys1/blocktest.dbf

3.模拟产生一个坏块：我这里使用了VI来删除数据文件中一些内容方法

[oracle@bys001 bys1]$ vi blocktest.dbf 打开后都是乱码，随便删除点中间的数据就可以，有时候需要多次删除才会有坏块。我第一次实验一下就制造出坏块，后来都是通过多次才行。然后进入数据库查询建立在blocktest.表空间上的TEST9表，报错并给出了坏块的提示：文件号是6，坏块是10：

[oracle@bys001 bys1]$ sqlplus bys/bys
BYS@bys1>select * from test9;
select * from test9
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 6, block # 10)
ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/oradata/bys1/blocktest.dbf'

4.进入RMAN，修复坏块

《《《可选：--我未做

RMAN> backup validate datafile 6; 这条命令是对文件做一次校验，也可以发现坏块。
然后从SQLPLUS中查询：select * from v$database_block_corruption;

直接使用RMAN指定恢复的文件及BLOCK号》》》

执行以下命令来修复坏块：

RMAN> blockrecover datafile 6 block 10 from backupset;
RMAN> exit

6.在SQLPLUS中查询表

BYS@bys1>select count(*) from test9;
COUNT(*)
----------
14