Molecule to atoms
For a given chemical formula represented by a string, count the number of atoms of each element contained in the molecule and return an object.
water = 'H2O'
parse_molecule(water)
# return {H: 2, O: 1}
magnesium_hydroxide = 'Mg(OH)2' parse_molecule(magnesium_hydroxide)
# return {Mg: 1, O: 2, H: 2}
var fremy_salt = 'K4[ON(SO3)2]2'
parse_molecule(fremySalt)
# return {K: 4, O: 14, N: 2, S: 4}
这个题大意就是将分子表达式转化成原子(词典表示),在codewars上难度是3kyu,难点在于各种条件的分析,防止越界,还有分子式中的各种限制。
我的思路大概就是把方括号,大括号都转换成括弧先,依次把最内层,然后外层的括弧展开,最后得到一个没有括弧的表达式,这就很好处理了。这里有个寻找最内层括弧的问题,我的理解是,先找到第一个')',然后往前找与之对应的'(',用展开后的结果代替'(...)2',我用2代替括弧后面的数字,有可能这个数字是1,自然就省略了,我们要在转换过程中把1补上。在最后的处理中,我们也要注意1是被省略的,需要计算时加上。
代码如下:
def parse_molecule(formula):
formula_dict = {}
#替换[]{}为()
for bracket in '[{':
formula = formula.replace(bracket, '(')
for bracket in ']}':
formula = formula.replace(bracket, ')')
if '(' in formula:
has_bracket = True
else:
has_bracket = False
while has_bracket:
#寻找最内层的()
for i in range(len(formula)):
if formula[i] == ')':
break
for j in range(len(formula[:i])-1, -1, -1):
if formula[j] == '(':
break
#如果有省略的1,补上
if i+1 == len(formula) or not formula[i+1].isdigit():
sub_formula = formula[j: i+1]
#为了防止后面的replace出错,设置了临时变量,否则
#如果直接sub_formula = formula[j: i+1] + '1'
#sub_formula变成了formula中没有的子串,就不执行
#这个循序就会一直进行下去
tmp = sub_formula + '
else:
sub_formula = formula[j: i+2]
tmp = sub_formula
parsed_sub_formula = parse_paren(tmp)
formula = formula.replace(sub_formula, parsed_sub_formula)
if '(' in formula:
has_bracket = True
else:
has_bracket = False
#处理没有()的分子表达式
i = 0
while i < len(formula):
j = i+1
if j < len(formula) and formula[j].islower():
j += 1
tmp = formula[i: j]
#注意边界的处理防止j越界
#我这里有个小bug,我假设的是原子下标都是最多两位,如果出现三位
#就会把第三位当做一个元素且下标为1
#没想到也通过了
if j < len(formula) and formula[j].isdigit():
k = j+1
if k < len(formula) and formula[k].isdigit():
formula_dict[tmp] = formula_dict.get(tmp, 0) + int(formula[j: k+1])
i = k+1
else:
formula_dict[tmp] = formula_dict.get(tmp, 0) + int(formula[j])
i = j+1
elif j < len(formula) and formula[j].isupper():
formula_dict[tmp] = formula_dict.get(tmp, 0) + 1
i = j
elif j == len(formula):
formula_dict[tmp] = formula_dict.get(tmp, 0) + 1
break
return formula_dict
def parse_paren(sub_formula):
result = {}
times = int(sub_formula[-1])
i = 1
while i < len(sub_formula)-2:
j = i+1
if sub_formula[j].islower():
j += 1
tmp = sub_formula[i: j]
if sub_formula[j].isdigit():
k = j+1
#此处也是假设原子下标为最多两位
if k < len(sub_formula)-2 and sub_formula[k].isdigit():
result[tmp] = result.get(tmp, 0) + int(sub_formula[j: k+1])*times
i = k+1
else:
result[tmp] = result.get(tmp, 0) + int(sub_formula[j])*times
i = j+1
elif sub_formula[j].isupper() or sub_formula[j] == ')':
result[tmp] = result.get(tmp, 0) + 1*times
i = j
t = []
for key, val in result.iteritems():
t.append(key)
t.append(str(val))
return ''.join(t)
#测试的时候故意加了一些乱七八糟的分子表达式,但还符合规则
print parse_molecule('K4[ON(SO3)2]2')
print parse_molecule('(H2O)H10')
print parse_molecule('(OH123)2')
虽然也通过了,但是代码中的bug有时间再改(不知何时了,反正被折磨得够呛,下次下次......水平太差了)
不过好像用正则表达式更好的样子,那就stay tuned...
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