python 应用 base64、hmac、hashlib包实现：MD5编码 base64编码解码、SHA256编码、urlsafe_b64encode编码等等基本所有的加密签名的方法

用python做HTTP接口自动化测试的时候，接口的很多参数是经过各种编码加密处理后在传到后台的，这里列举出python实现 应用 base64、hmac、hashlib包实现：md5编码 sha1编码  sha3_224编码  sha3_256编码  sha3_384编码  sha3_512编码 、 sha224编码 、 sha384编码 、 sha512编码  、shake_128编码 、 shake_256 编码 、urlsafe_b64encode编码等各种编码加密签名的方法

import base64
import hmac
import hashlib

# MD5 编码 应用haslib
user = 'username'
pwd = 'pass123456'

user = user.encode(encoding='utf-8')
pwd = pwd.encode(encoding='utf-8')
user_MD5 = hashlib.md5(user).hexdigest()
pwd_MD5 = hashlib.md5(pwd).hexdigest()

print('user_MD5:', user_MD5)
print('pwd_MD5:', pwd_MD5)

#  MD5 编码含有中文
# 如果有中文中文字符在Python中是以unicode存在的,同一个字符串在不同的编码体系下有不同的值,所以在hash前要进行编码需要转为gb2312
# 这样才可能跟其他工具的编码一样（当然具体转为那种编码，前后端需要统一即可）

user = '张三as'
pwd = 'a小四a'

user = user.encode(encoding='gb2312')
pwd = pwd.encode(encoding='utf-8')
user_MD5 = hashlib.md5(user).hexdigest()
pwd_MD5 = hashlib.md5(pwd).hexdigest()

print('张三as:', user_MD5)
print('a小四a:', pwd_MD5)

# hashlib的编码:md5 sha1 sha3_224 sha3_256 sha3_384 sha3_512 sha224 sha384 sha512 shake_128 shake_256
a = "hello word"
a = a.encode(encoding='utf-8')
print('hello word:md5 = ', hashlib.md5(a).hexdigest())
print('hello word:sha1 = ', hashlib.sha1(a).hexdigest())
print('hello word:sha224 = ', hashlib.sha224(a).hexdigest())
print('hello word:sha256 = ', hashlib.sha256(a).hexdigest())
print('hello word:sha384 = ', hashlib.sha384(a).hexdigest())
print('hello word:sha512 = ', hashlib.sha512(a).hexdigest())

# base64 编码
string = 'helloWord'
byteString = string.encode(encoding='utf-8')
base64String = base64.b64encode(byteString)
print("base64String :", base64String)  # 这个时候base64String 是byte型的，需要转化为str
base64String = base64String.decode()
print("base64String.decode :", base64String)  # 现在 才是str型的

# base64 解码

decodestr = base64.b64decode(base64String)
print('decodestr:', decodestr)
print("decodestr.decode:", decodestr.decode())

# SHA256编码
string = ''
byteString = string.encode(encoding='utf-8')
print(byteString)

sha256str = hashlib.sha256(byteString).hexdigest()
# 把小写转换为大写
sha256str = sha256str.upper()
print("sha256str:", sha256str)

# urlsafe_b64encode编码
p= 'PUT'
m= '\n'
q= "/api/v1/t11104_1502526876337/status"
s= "api_sign_key"
qs= "timestamp=1502526886275"
pay= "{\"device\":{\"app_version_number\":12,\"dtype\":1,\"did\":\"2c6e2d7594e49a4a\",\"net_type\":\"WIFI\",\"system_version_name\":\"4.1.1\",\"app_version_name\":\"1.0.2\",\"channel\":\"200\",\"lang\":\"zh\",\"phone_model\":\"Samsung Galaxy S2 - 4.1.1 - API 16 - 480x800\",\"country\":\"US\"}},\"previous_status\":\"CREATED\",\"status_to_change\":\"LIVING\"";

secret_key = s.encode(encoding='utf-8')
message = (p+m+q+m+qs+m+pay).encode(encoding='utf-8')
print('p+m+q+m+qs+m+pay:', p+m+q+m+qs+m+pay)
print('byte_secret_key:', secret_key)
print('byte_message:', message)

# 这里举例 sha256编码 除此之外，hmac 也有其他的各种编码：
# md5 sha1 sha3_224 sha3_256 sha3_384 sha3_512 sha224 sha384 sha512 shake_128 shake_256
digest = hmac.new(secret_key, message, digestmod=hashlib.sha256).digest()
print('digest:', digest)

sig = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(digest).decode()
print('sig', sig)
sig = sig.rstrip('=')
print('sig去除末尾=号', sig)

p = 'GET'
m= '\n'
q= "/api/v1/discovery"
s= "api_sign_key"
qs= "device=eyJhcHBfdmVyc2lvbl9udW1iZXIiOi0xMDAwLCJkdHlwZSI6MSwiZGlkIjoiMmM2ZTJkNzU5NGU0OWE0YSIsIm5ldF90eXBlIjoiV0lGSSIsInN5c3RlbV92ZXJzaW9uX25hbWUiOiI0LjEuMSIsImFwcF92ZXJzaW9uX25hbWUiOiIxLjAuMiIsImNoYW5uZWwiOiIyMDAiLCJsYW5nIjoiemgiLCJwaG9uZV9tb2RlbCI6IlNhbXN1bmcgR2FsYXh5IFMyIC0gNC4xLjEgLSBBUEkgMTYgLSA0ODB4ODAwIiwiY291bnRyeSI6IlVTIn0=&size=50&last_seen_pos=&timestamp=1508382408763";
pay= ""

secret_key = s.encode(encoding='utf-8')
message = (p+m+q+m+qs+m+pay).encode(encoding='utf-8')
print('p+m+q+m+qs+m+pay:', p+m+q+m+qs+m+pay)
print('byte_secret_key:', secret_key)
print('byte_message:', message)

digest = hmac.new(secret_key, message, digestmod=hashlib.sha256).digest()
print('digest:', digest)

sig = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(digest).decode()
print('sig', sig)

sig = sig.rstrip('=')
print('sig去除末尾=号', sig)

编码结果：

user_MD5: 14c4b06b824ec593239362517f538b29
pwd_MD5: 9be40402f45736bcb9502225fad5ec9b
张三as: fd137303d7f65f2bc84d0dd7bd90fbd6
a小四a: 4c76a06c7c2c0cd2bc61ca1f6e5e81a2
hello word:md5 =  13574ef0d58b50fab38ec841efe39df4
hello word:sha1 =  e0738b87e67bbfc9c5b77556665064446430e81c
hello word:sha224 =  52d3bd5b2f649ba2689a7d31973a99a8f9e46fc2a65a10dc32bbefd3
hello word:sha256 =  f0da559ea59ced68b4d657496bee9753c0447d70702af1a351c7577226d97723
hello word:sha384 =  a58d27ee06211edc7a64f199b7da55fd0fe31d98b2c949f83fbb95bc7fc3114d7957ca5a3ec4b489a026356135681782
hello word:sha512 =  86dfecbd488d84481bdfc5d54f52734fd40298ef68da014095a52889a35a596a3e64a9ea64f005caaa4b4d2b11d9a69f12214a31b79bbddc0872fa7561200bd2
base64String : b'aGVsbG9Xb3Jk'
base64String.decode : aGVsbG9Xb3Jk
decodestr: b'helloWord'
decodestr.decode: helloWord
b''
sha256str: 8D969EEF6ECAD3C29A3A629280E686CF0C3F5D5A86AFF3CA12020C923ADC6C92
p+m+q+m+qs+m+pay: PUT
/api/v1/t11104_1502526876337/status
timestamp=1502526886275
{"device":{"app_version_number":12,"dtype":1,"did":"2c6e2d7594e49a4a","net_type":"WIFI","system_version_name":"4.1.1","app_version_name":"1.0.2","channel":"","lang":"zh","phone_model":"Samsung Galaxy S2 - 4.1.1 - API 16 - 480x800","country":"US"}},"previous_status":"CREATED","status_to_change":"LIVING"
byte_secret_key: b'api_sign_key'
byte_message: b'PUT\n/api/v1/t11104_1502526876337/status\ntimestamp=1502526886275\n{"device":{"app_version_number":12,"dtype":1,"did":"2c6e2d7594e49a4a","net_type":"WIFI","system_version_name":"4.1.1","app_version_name":"1.0.2","channel":"200","lang":"zh","phone_model":"Samsung Galaxy S2 - 4.1.1 - API 16 - 480x800","country":"US"}},"previous_status":"CREATED","status_to_change":"LIVING"'
digest: b'j\xac\x15\x82\x00\xe9\x07K\xe5\x86\xdf\x1e\x05=+\x82a\x11b\xe6\x11\xde\xf4\x19\xfe\xa3\x08\x9d\x8eK[\xba'
sig aqwVggDpB0vlht8eBT0rgmERYuYR3vQZ_qMInY5LW7o=
sig去除末尾=号 aqwVggDpB0vlht8eBT0rgmERYuYR3vQZ_qMInY5LW7o
p+m+q+m+qs+m+pay: GET
/api/v1/discovery
device=eyJhcHBfdmVyc2lvbl9udW1iZXIiOi0xMDAwLCJkdHlwZSI6MSwiZGlkIjoiMmM2ZTJkNzU5NGU0OWE0YSIsIm5ldF90eXBlIjoiV0lGSSIsInN5c3RlbV92ZXJzaW9uX25hbWUiOiI0LjEuMSIsImFwcF92ZXJzaW9uX25hbWUiOiIxLjAuMiIsImNoYW5uZWwiOiIyMDAiLCJsYW5nIjoiemgiLCJwaG9uZV9tb2RlbCI6IlNhbXN1bmcgR2FsYXh5IFMyIC0gNC4xLjEgLSBBUEkgMTYgLSA0ODB4ODAwIiwiY291bnRyeSI6IlVTIn0=&size=50&last_seen_pos=&timestamp=1508382408763

byte_secret_key: b'api_sign_key'
byte_message: b'GET\n/api/v1/discovery\ndevice=eyJhcHBfdmVyc2lvbl9udW1iZXIiOi0xMDAwLCJkdHlwZSI6MSwiZGlkIjoiMmM2ZTJkNzU5NGU0OWE0YSIsIm5ldF90eXBlIjoiV0lGSSIsInN5c3RlbV92ZXJzaW9uX25hbWUiOiI0LjEuMSIsImFwcF92ZXJzaW9uX25hbWUiOiIxLjAuMiIsImNoYW5uZWwiOiIyMDAiLCJsYW5nIjoiemgiLCJwaG9uZV9tb2RlbCI6IlNhbXN1bmcgR2FsYXh5IFMyIC0gNC4xLjEgLSBBUEkgMTYgLSA0ODB4ODAwIiwiY291bnRyeSI6IlVTIn0=&size=50&last_seen_pos=&timestamp=1508382408763\n'
digest: b'Sh\xcf{\xf6z\x84{\x07"\x91.\x1a\x1c\x8a\xc4|\xcfp\x1aW\x00v\x15\x11\xb3\xd1\xb0[\xd3\x1ee'
sig U2jPe_Z6hHsHIpEuGhyKxHzPcBpXAHYVEbPRsFvTHmU=
sig去除末尾=号 U2jPe_Z6hHsHIpEuGhyKxHzPcBpXAHYVEbPRsFvTHmU

Process finished with exit code 0