C++ 读书笔记1

c++ 笔记1

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Linux 下C++学习笔记1

以下内容摘抄于《C++ primer》

大部分编译器，包括集成的IDE编译器，都会提供一个命令行界面。除非你已经了解IDE，否则你会觉得借助命令行界面学习C++还是很容易的。这种学习方式的好处是你可以先将精力集中于C++语言本身，而不是一些开发工具，而且一旦你掌握了语言，IDE通常是很容易学习的。

我们要牢记一件重要的事情：其他可能的程序格式总是存在的。当你要选择一种格式的风格是，思考一下它会对程序的可读性和易理解性有什么影响，而一旦选择了一种风格，就要坚持使用。

我们需要了解的唯一一个C++特性，就是如何定义一个数据结构（data structure）来表示销售数据。在C++中，我们通过定义一个类（Class）来定义自己的数据结构。 一个类定义了一个类型，以及与其相关的一组操作。类机制是C++最重要的特性之一。实际上，C++最初的设计焦点就是能定义使用上像内置类型一样自然的类类型（class type）

大多数计算机以2的整数幂个比特来作为块处理内存，可寻址的最小内存块称为字节，存储的基本单位称为“字节（byte）”,存储的基本单元称为“字（word）”,它通常由几个字节组成。在C++语言中，一个字节要至少能够容纳机器基本字符集中的字符。大多数机器的字节由8比特组成，字由32或者64比特构成，也就是4字节或者8字节。

关系: 8比特 > 1字节 > 字(要能够容纳所有的字符集，因此是4字节，或者8字节，也就是32bit 或者是64 bit，也就是32位系统或者64位系统)

字符串字面值的类型实际上是由常量字符构成的数组（Array）。

c++ 程序员在很多场合都会使用兑现这个名词。通常情况下，对象是对一块能存储数据并具有某种类型的内存空间。

声明和定义的区别看起来也许微不足道，但实际上却十分

对于命名规范来说，若能坚持，必将有效。

复合类型是基于其他类型定义的类型。C++ 语言有几种复合类型， 引用和指针

引用并非对象，相反的，它只是为一个已经存在的对象所起的另外一个名字。

和常量引用一样，指向常量的指针也没有规定其所指的对象必须是一个常量。所谓指向常量的指针仅仅要求不能通过该指针改变对象的值，而没有规定那个对象的值不能通过其他的途径改变。
把* 号放在const关键字之前用以说明指针是一个常量，这样的书写方式隐含着一层意味，即不变的是指针本身，而非指向的那个值。

从最基本的层面上理解，数据结构是把一组相关的数据元素组织起来然后使用它们的策略和方法。