Climbing Stairs - LeetCode
题目链接
注意点
- 注意边界条件
解法
解法一:这道题是一题非常经典的DP题(拥有非常明显的重叠子结构)。爬到n阶台阶有两种方法:1. 从n-1阶爬上 2. 从n-2阶爬上。很容易得出递推式:f(n) = f(n-1)+f(n-2)于是可以得到下面这种最简单效率也最低的解法 —— 递归。
class Solution {
public:
int climbStairs(int n) {
if(n == 0 || n == 1 || n == 2)
{
return n;
}
return climbStairs(n-1)+climbStairs(n-2);
}
};

解法二:思路不变,改为更高效的写法 —— 迭代。时间复杂度O(n)。
class Solution {
public:
int climbStairs(int n) {
vector<int> ans;
int i;
for(i = 0;i <= 2;i++)
{
ans.push_back(i);
}
for(i = 3;i <= n;i++)
{
ans.push_back(ans[i-1]+ans[i-2]);
}
return ans[n];
}
};

解法三:继续优化,可以看出解法二中需要开一个额外的数组来保存过程中计算的值,这些值计算完之后就没用了,所以改用两个变量来替代。时间复杂度O(n),空间复杂度O(1)
class Solution {
public:
int climbStairs(int n) {
if(n == 0||n == 1||n == 2)
{
return n;
}
int a = 2,b = 1,i;
for(i = 0;i < n-2;i++)
{
a = a+b;
b = a-b;
}
return a;
}
};
或者一个更好理解的
class Solution {
public:
int climbStairs(int n) {
if(n == 0||n == 1||n == 2)
{
return n;
}
int a = 2,b = 1,ret,i;
for(i = 0;i < n-2;i++)
{
ret = a+b;
b = a;
a = ret;
}
return ret;
}
};

小结
- 这道题可以扩展到每次可以走k步,那递推式就变为
f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2) + ... + f(n-k)
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