1.安装alertmanager

　　kubectl create -f 以下文件

alertmanager-templates.yaml、configmap.yaml、deployment.yaml、service.yaml

apiVersion: v1

data:

  default.tmpl: |

    {{ define "__alertmanager" }}AlertManager{{ end }}

    {{ define "__alertmanagerURL" }}{{ .ExternalURL }}/#/alerts?receiver={{ .Receiver }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "__subject" }}[{{ .Status | toUpper }}{{ if eq .Status "firing" }}:{{ .Alerts.Firing | len }}{{ end }}] {{ .GroupLabels.SortedPairs.Values | join " " }} {{ if gt (len .CommonLabels) (len .GroupLabels) }}({{ with .CommonLabels.Remove .GroupLabels.Names }}{{ .Values | join " " }}{{ end }}){{ end }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "__description" }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "__text_alert_list" }}{{ range . }}Labels:

    {{ range .Labels.SortedPairs }} - {{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}

    {{ end }}Annotations:

    {{ range .Annotations.SortedPairs }} - {{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}

    {{ end }}Source: {{ .GeneratorURL }}

    {{ end }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "slack.default.title" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "slack.default.username" }}{{ template "__alertmanager" . }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "slack.default.fallback" }}{{ template "slack.default.title" . }} | {{ template "slack.default.titlelink" . }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "slack.default.pretext" }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "slack.default.titlelink" }}{{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "slack.default.iconemoji" }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "slack.default.iconurl" }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "slack.default.text" }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "hipchat.default.from" }}{{ template "__alertmanager" . }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "hipchat.default.message" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "pagerduty.default.description" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "pagerduty.default.client" }}{{ template "__alertmanager" . }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "pagerduty.default.clientURL" }}{{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "pagerduty.default.instances" }}{{ template "__text_alert_list" . }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "opsgenie.default.message" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "opsgenie.default.description" }}{{ .CommonAnnotations.SortedPairs.Values | join " " }}

    {{ if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 -}}

    Alerts Firing:

    {{ template "__text_alert_list" .Alerts.Firing }}

    {{- end }}

    {{ if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 -}}

    Alerts Resolved:

    {{ template "__text_alert_list" .Alerts.Resolved }}

    {{- end }}

    {{- end }}

    {{ define "opsgenie.default.source" }}{{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "victorops.default.message" }}{{ template "__subject" . }} | {{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "victorops.default.from" }}{{ template "__alertmanager" . }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "email.default.subject" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "email.default.html" }}

    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

    <!--

    Style and HTML derived from https://github.com/mailgun/transactional-email-templates

    The MIT License (MIT)

    Copyright (c) 2014 Mailgun

    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy

    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights

    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell

    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is

    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all

    copies or substantial portions of the Software.

    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR

    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,

    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE

    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER

    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,

    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE

    SOFTWARE.

    -->

    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">

    <head style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">

    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />

    <title style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">{{ template "__subject" . }}</title>

    </head>

    <body itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/EmailMessage" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-size-adjust: none; height: 100%; line-height: 1.6em; width: 100% !important; background-color: #f6f6f6; margin: 0; padding: 0;" bgcolor="#f6f6f6">

    <table style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; width: 100%; background-color: #f6f6f6; margin: 0;" bgcolor="#f6f6f6">

      <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">

        <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0;" valign="top"></td>

        <td width="600" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; display: block !important; max-width: 600px !important; clear: both !important; width: 100% !important; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;" valign="top">

          <div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; max-width: 600px; display: block; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;">

            <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; border-radius: 3px; background-color: #fff; margin: 0; border: 1px solid #e9e9e9;" bgcolor="#fff">

              <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">

                <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top; color: #fff; font-weight: 500; text-align: center; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0; background-color: #E6522C; margin: 0; padding: 20px;" align="center" bgcolor="#E6522C" valign="top">

                  {{ .Alerts | len }} alert{{ if gt (len .Alerts) 1 }}s{{ end }} for {{ range .GroupLabels.SortedPairs }}

                    {{ .Name }}={{ .Value }}

                  {{ end }}

                </td>

              </tr>

              <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">

                <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 10px;" valign="top">

                  <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">

                    <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">

                      <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">

                        <a href="{{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; color: #FFF; text-decoration: none; line-height: 2em; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; border-radius: 5px; text-transform: capitalize; background-color: #348eda; margin: 0; border-color: #348eda; border-style: solid; border-width: 10px 20px;">View in {{ template "__alertmanager" . }}</a>

                      </td>

                    </tr>

                    {{ if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 }}

                    <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">

                      <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">

                        <strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">[{{ .Alerts.Firing | len }}] Firing</strong>

                      </td>

                    </tr>

                    {{ end }}

                    {{ range .Alerts.Firing }}

                    <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">

                      <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">

                        <strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">Labels</strong><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />

                        {{ range .Labels.SortedPairs }}{{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}<br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}

                        {{ if gt (len .Annotations) 0 }}<strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">Annotations</strong><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}

                        {{ range .Annotations.SortedPairs }}{{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}<br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}

                        <a href="{{ .GeneratorURL }}" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; color: #348eda; text-decoration: underline; margin: 0;">Source</a><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />

                      </td>

                    </tr>

                    {{ end }}

                    {{ if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 }}

                      {{ if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 }}

                    <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">

                      <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">

                        <br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />

                        <hr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />

                        <br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />

                      </td>

                    </tr>

                      {{ end }}

                    <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">

                      <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">

                        <strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">[{{ .Alerts.Resolved | len }}] Resolved</strong>

                      </td>

                    </tr>

                    {{ end }}

                    {{ range .Alerts.Resolved }}

                    <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">

                      <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">

                        <strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">Labels</strong><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />

                        {{ range .Labels.SortedPairs }}{{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}<br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}

                        {{ if gt (len .Annotations) 0 }}<strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">Annotations</strong><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}

                        {{ range .Annotations.SortedPairs }}{{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}<br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}

                        <a href="{{ .GeneratorURL }}" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; color: #348eda; text-decoration: underline; margin: 0;">Source</a><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />

                      </td>

                    </tr>

                    {{ end }}

                  </table>

                </td>

              </tr>

            </table>

            <div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; width: 100%; clear: both; color: #999; margin: 0; padding: 20px;">

              <table width="100%" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">

                <tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">

                  <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; color: #999; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="{{ .ExternalURL }}" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12px; color: #999; text-decoration: underline; margin: 0;">Sent by {{ template "__alertmanager" . }}</a></td>

                </tr>

              </table>

            </div></div>

        </td>

        <td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0;" valign="top"></td>

      </tr>

    </table>

    </body>

    </html>

    {{ end }}

    {{ define "pushover.default.title" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}

    {{ define "pushover.default.message" }}{{ .CommonAnnotations.SortedPairs.Values | join " " }}

    {{ if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 }}

    Alerts Firing:

    {{ template "__text_alert_list" .Alerts.Firing }}

    {{ end }}

    {{ if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 }}

    Alerts Resolved:

    {{ template "__text_alert_list" .Alerts.Resolved }}

    {{ end }}

    {{ end }}

    {{ define "pushover.default.url" }}{{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}{{ end }}

  slack.tmpl: |

    {{ define "slack.devops.text" }}

    {{range .Alerts}}{{.Annotations.DESCRIPTION}}

    {{end}}

    {{ end }}

kind: ConfigMap

metadata:

  creationTimestamp: null

  name: alertmanager-templates

  namespace: monitoring

alertmanager-templates.yaml

kind: ConfigMap

apiVersion: v1

metadata:

  name: alertmanager

  namespace: monitoring

data:

  config.yml: |-

    global:

      # ResolveTimeout is the time after which an alert is declared resolved

      # if it has not been updated.

      resolve_timeout: 5m

      # The smarthost and SMTP sender used for mail notifications.

      smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.126.com:25'

      smtp_from: 'xxx@126.com'

      smtp_auth_username: 'xxx@126.com'

      smtp_auth_password: 'xxx'

      # The API URL to use for Slack notifications.

      slack_api_url: 'https://hooks.slack.com/services/some/api/token'

    # # The directory from which notification templates are read.

    templates:

    - '/etc/alertmanager-templates/*.tmpl'

    # The root route on which each incoming alert enters.

    route:

      # The labels by which incoming alerts are grouped together. For example,

      # multiple alerts coming in for cluster=A and alertname=LatencyHigh would

      # be batched into a single group.

      group_by: ['alertname', 'cluster', 'service']

      # When a new group of alerts is created by an incoming alert, wait at

      # least 'group_wait' to send the initial notification.

      # This way ensures that you get multiple alerts for the same group that start

      # firing shortly after another are batched together on the first

      # notification.

      group_wait: 30s

      # When the first notification was sent, wait 'group_interval' to send a batch

      # of new alerts that started firing for that group.

      group_interval: 5m

      # If an alert has successfully been sent, wait 'repeat_interval' to

      # resend them.

      #repeat_interval: 1m

      repeat_interval: 15m

      # A default receiver

      # If an alert isn't caught by a route, send it to default.

      receiver: default

      # All the above attributes are inherited by all child routes and can

      # overwritten on each.

      # The child route trees.

      routes:

      # Send severity=slack alerts to slack.

      # - match:

      #     severity: slack

      #   receiver: slack_alert

      - match:

          severity: email

        receiver: email_alert

    receivers:

    - name: 'default'

      slack_configs:

      - channel: '#alertmanager-test'

        text: '<!channel>{{ template "slack.devops.text" . }}'

        send_resolved: true

    - name: 'slack_alert'

      slack_configs:

      - channel: '#alertmanager-test'

        send_resolved: true

    - name: live-monitoring

      email_configs:

      - to: xxx@ultrapower.com.cn #接收邮箱地址

configmap.yaml

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1

kind: Deployment

metadata:

  name: alertmanager

  namespace: monitoring

spec:

  replicas: 1

  selector:

    matchLabels:

      app: alertmanager

  template:

    metadata:

      name: alertmanager

      labels:

        app: alertmanager

    spec:

      containers:

      - name: alertmanager

        image: quay.io/prometheus/alertmanager:v0.7.1

        args:

          - '-config.file=/etc/alertmanager/config.yml'

          - '-storage.path=/alertmanager'

        ports:

        - name: alertmanager

          containerPort: 9093

        volumeMounts:

        - name: config-volume

          mountPath: /etc/alertmanager

        - name: templates-volume

          mountPath: /etc/alertmanager-templates

        - name: alertmanager

          mountPath: /alertmanager

      volumes:

      - name: config-volume

        configMap:

          name: alertmanager

      - name: templates-volume

        configMap:

          name: alertmanager-templates

      - name: alertmanager

        emptyDir: {}

deployment.yaml

apiVersion: v1

kind: Service

metadata:

  annotations:

    prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'

    prometheus.io/path: '/metrics'

  labels:

    name: alertmanager

  name: alertmanager

  namespace: monitoring

spec:

  selector:

    app: alertmanager

  type: NodePort

  ports:

  - name: alertmanager

    protocol: TCP

    port: 9093

    targetPort: 9093

service.yaml

2.配置prometheus对alertmanager的链接

编辑prometheus.yaml文件，新增

alerting:
      alertmanagers:
      - static_configs:
        - targets:
          - alertmanager:9093

3.配置预警rules

编辑prometheus.yaml文件，新增以下代码

rule_files:
    - "/data/istio/prometheus-rules/*.rules.yml"

挂载规则文件：

根据文件生成configMap:

kubectl create configmap prometheus-rules --from-file=prometheus-rules -o yaml --namespace=istio-system

注意：rules文件夹名称为prometheus-rules,rules文件为yml格式，如：

test.rules.yml

groups:

- name: my-group-name

  interval: 30s   # defaults to global interval

  rules:

  - record: instance:errors:rate5m

    expr: rate(errors_total[5m])

  - record: instance:requests:rate5m

    expr: rate(requests_total[5m])

  - alert: HighErrors

    # Expressions remain PromQL as before and can be spread over

    # multiple lines via YAML’s multi-line strings.

    expr: |

      sum without(instance) (instance:errors:rate5m)

      /

      sum without(instance) (instance:requests:rate5m)

    for: 5m

    labels:

      severity: critical

    annotations:

      description: "stuff's happening with {{ $labels.service }}"

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