130. Surrounded Regions(周围区域问题 广度优先)(代码未完成！！)

Given a 2D board containing 'X' and 'O' (the letter O), capture all regions surrounded by 'X'.

A region is captured by flipping all 'O's into 'X's in that surrounded region.

For example,

X X X X
X O O X
X X O X
X O X X

After running your function, the board should be:

X X X X
X X X X
X X X X
X O X X

反向思索最简单：哪些‘O’是应该保留的？
 从上下左右四个边界往里走，凡是能碰到的
‘O’ ，都是跟边界接壤的，应该保留。
 思路：
 对于每一个边界上的‘O’作为起点，做若干次广度
优先搜索，对于碰到的‘O’，标记为其他某字符Y；
 最后遍历一遍整个地图，把所有的Y恢复成‘O’，把
所有现有的‘O’都改成‘X’

 import Queue
 class Solution(object):
     def solve(self, board):
         """
         :type board: List[List[str]]
         :rtype: void Do not return anything, modify board in-place instead.
         """
         def fill(x, y):
             if x < 0 or x > height-1 or y < 0 or y > width-1 or board[x][y] != "O":
                 return
             MyQueue.put((x, y))
             board[x][y] = "D"

         def bfs(x, y):
             if board[x][y] == "O":
                 fill(x, y)

             while not MyQueue.empty():
                 current = MyQueue.get()
                 i, j = current[0], current[1]
                 fill(i+1, j)
                 fill(i-1, j)
                 fill(i, j+1)
                 fill(i, j-1)

         if len(board) == 0:
             return

         height, width, MyQueue = len(board), len(board[0]), Queue.Queue()
         for i in range(width):
             bfs(0, i)
             bfs(height - 1, i)

         for j in range(1, height - 1):
             bfs(j, 0)
             bfs(j, width - 1)

         for i in range(height):
             for j in range(width):
                 if board[i][j] == "D":
                     board[i][j] = "O"
                 elif board[i][j] == "O":
                     board[i][j] = "X"

参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/3ea288ffdb68