Oracle RMAN 学习

Oracle RMAN 学习：三思笔记

1 进入rman

Rman--物理备份（结构/数据）

1 本地db

Cmd

set oracle_sid=orcl

1 rman target /

Rman>

2 也可以先直接进入rman

然后>connect  target /

2 远程db(有效的service_name，本地的tns中有该service的正确配置)

Cmd

Rman target sys/xxxxx@orcl111

3 退出rman

直接exit

在启用rman时，可以指定日志输出

Rman target / log f:\mydb\rman_log.txt

2 熟悉rman操作

Rman的备份跟恢复，db都必须启动实例并加载数据库

 Nomount---mount---open

Oracle如果是db处于open状态（open read write），则db要处于归档状态，否则在备份操作的时候有可能出现ora—19602错误

1 启动和关闭数据库

Rman target /

Rman>shutdown immediate;

Rman>startup;

启动关闭命令跟sqlplus环境下 相同

2 执行操作系统命令

Rman支持在rman命令下使用host命令暂时退出rman

Rman>host;

执行完操作系统命令后，可以通过exit命令切换到rman提示符

3 执行sql语句

在rman提示符下，

RMAN

[ TARGET connectStringSpec

| { CATALOG connectStringSpec }

| LOG ['] filename ['] [ APPEND ]

.

.

.

]...

connectStringSpec::=

['] [userid] [/ [password]] [@net_service_name] [']

Rman> sql ‘select sysdate from dual’ 此时执行不会有结果输出

Rman>sql ‘alter system archive log all’

可以通过host命令切换到操作系统，然后conn / as sysdba等进行操作，然后exit到rman

Linux下：

Last login: Wed Oct 23 09:47:15 2013 from 192.168.2.187

[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@localhost ~]$ rman target/

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Oct 24 09:51:20 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: GRS (DBID=325518186)

RMAN> host;

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Oct 24 09:51:51 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn /as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE

------------

24-OCT-13

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

[oracle@localhost ~]$ exit

exit

host command complete

RMAN>

12c rman

RMAN> select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE

-------------------

2015-08-05 00:03:27

4 rman备份类型

1 镜像复制：copy，将一一系列文件copy

2备份集：优势（备份时只读取数据库中已使用的数据块）

5 rman命令执行方式

1 单个执行命令

Rman>backup database;

2 批处理方式

Rman>run{

………..}，将多个单个命令组合到一起，其中任何一个命令失败都将停止（后面的命令不在执行），有些特殊命令不能放到批处理中（list ，report。）

3 运行脚本

A 用命令方式调用os中保存的脚本

Rman target / @backup_db.rman

或者 rman target / cmdfile=backup_db.rman

B 在rman中执行脚本

Rman> @backup_db.rman

C 运行存储在catalog中的脚本（首先为rman创建恢复目录）

Rman> run {execute script backup_db};

3 rman 初级演练

1 整个库的备份

Rman>backup database;--对所有数据文件进行备份，

Rman>backup database format ‘f:\mydb\backup\back_db%u’;

此时没归档，报错ora-19602，改为archived模式，正常执行

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location= /data/u02/app/frarea';

shutdown immediate;

startup mount;

alter database archivelog;

alter database open;

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 10/24/2013 10:34:34

ORA-19602: cannot backup or copy active file in NOARCHIVELOG mode

可以用list backup of database；来查看全部备份的文件

RMAN> backup database format '/u01/oracle/backup/back_%U';

Starting backup at 24-OCT-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 10/24/2013 10:56:39

ORA-01013: user requested cancel of current operation

continuing other job steps, job failed will not be re-run

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

including current control file in backupset

including current SPFILE in backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/back_04on6v77_1_1 tag=TAG20131024T105639 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 10/24/2013 10:56:39

ORA-01013: user requested cancel of current operation

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.

[oracle@localhost ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Oct 24 10:57:04 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: GRS (DBID=325518186)

RMAN> list backup of database;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

RMAN> backup database format '/u01/oracle/backup/back_%U';

Starting backup at 24-OCT-13

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=159 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/system01.dbf

input datafile fno=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/cmask01.dbf

input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile fno=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/example01.dbf

input datafile fno=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/yyhhqq.dbf

input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/back_05on6v94_1_1 tag=TAG20131024T105740 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:37

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

including current control file in backupset

including current SPFILE in backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/back_06on6ve1_1_1 tag=TAG20131024T105740 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04

Finished backup at 24-OCT-13

RMAN> list backup of database;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

3       Full    645.97M    DISK        00:02:35     24-OCT-13

BP Key: 3   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20131024T105740

Piece Name: /u01/oracle/backup/back_05on6v94_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 3

File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

1       Full 988527     24-OCT-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/system01.dbf

2       Full 988527     24-OCT-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/undotbs01.dbf

3       Full 988527     24-OCT-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/sysaux01.dbf

4       Full 988527     24-OCT-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/users01.dbf

5       Full 988527     24-OCT-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/example01.dbf

6       Full 988527     24-OCT-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/yyhhqq.dbf

7       Full 988527     24-OCT-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/cmask01.dbf

RMAN>

2 表空间的备份

只要db处于mount状态，不论是否打开，都可以进行rman 备份表空间

Rman> backup tablespace users;

-----backup tablespace users format 'f:\mydb\backup\backup_tp_users';

List backup of tablespace users; list backup查看一下备份

删除备份：delete backupset 4(bs key)

RMAN> backup tablespace yyhhqq;-------没有指定详细路径

Starting backup at 24-OCT-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/yyhhqq.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/GRS/backupset/2013_10_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20131024T110255_96k3h019_.bkp tag=TAG20131024T110255 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

Finished backup at 24-OCT-13

RMAN> list backup of tablespace yyhhqq;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

3       Full    645.97M    DISK        00:02:35     24-OCT-13

BP Key: 3   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20131024T105740

Piece Name: /u01/oracle/backup/back_05on6v94_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 3

File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

6       Full 988527     24-OCT-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/yyhhqq.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

5       Full    712.00K    DISK        00:00:09     24-OCT-13

BP Key: 5   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20131024T110255

Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/GRS/backupset/2013_10_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20131024T110255_96k3h019_.bkp

List of Datafiles in backup set 5

File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

6       Full 988697     24-OCT-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/yyhhqq.dbf

RMAN> backup tablespace yyhhqq;

3数据文件的备份

有2 种方式指定数据文件（详细路径）和file_id，都可以从视图dba_data_files中得到

select file_id,file_name from dba_data_files

4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/users01.dbf

3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/sysaux01.dbf

在整库备份和list时都会出现file_id和数据文件的名称

RMAN>  backup datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/users01.dbf' format '/u01/oracle/backup/backup_datafile_%U';

RMAN> backup datafile 6 format '/u01/oracle/backup/backup_data6_%p_%I_%t;

Piece Name: /u01/oracle/backup/backup_data6_1_325518186_830601460;

Starting backup at 24-OCT-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/backup_datafile_09on7bsd_1_1 tag=TAG20131024T143245 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished backup at 24-OCT-13

可以用file_id代替  backup datafile 6,7,8

RMAN> list backup of datafile 4;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

3       Full    645.97M    DISK        00:02:35     24-OCT-13

BP Key: 3   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20131024T105740

Piece Name: /u01/oracle/backup/back_05on6v94_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 3

File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

4       Full 988527     24-OCT-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/users01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

6       Full    8.94M      DISK        00:00:02     24-OCT-13

BP Key: 6   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20131024T143245

Piece Name: /u01/oracle/backup/backup_datafile_09on7bsd_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 6

File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

4       Full 995093     24-OCT-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/users01.dbf

4控制文件的备份

Rman>backup current controlfile;

backup current controlfile

执行backup命令时指定include current controlfile

Rman>backup database include current controlfile

通过指定configure命令将controlfile autobackup置为on

Rman>configure controlfile autobackup on/off;  rman做任何备份操作都会备份控制文件

List backup of controlfile

RMAN>   backup current controlfile format '/u01/oracle/backup/backup_control_file';

Starting backup at 24-OCT-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

including current control file in backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/backup_control_file tag=TAG20131024T144627 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

Finished backup at 24-OCT-13

RMAN> list backup of controlfile;

List of Backup Sets

RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;----任何backup都会备份控制文件

new RMAN configuration parameters:

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

The RMAN BACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE command makes a binary backup of

the control file, as either a backup set or an image copy.

The SQL statement ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE makes a binary

backup of the control file.

The SQL statement ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE exports

the control file contents to a SQL script file. You can use the script to create a new

control file. Trace file backups have one major disadvantage: they contain no

records of archived redo logs, and RMAN backups and copies. For this reason,

binary backups are preferable.

使用alter database backup controlfile备份控制文件

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;

或者

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/data/controlfile1.cof';   (这样你可以查看controlfile的构成)

5归档文件的备份

1  RMAN> backup archivelog all;

Starting backup at 24-OCT-13

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

input archive log thread=1 sequence=20 recid=1 stamp=829666475

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/GRS/backupset/2013_10_24/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20131024T145435_96kk1gpx_.bkp tag=TAG20131024T145435 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

Finished backup at 24-OCT-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-OCT-13

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/GRS/autobackup/2013_10_24/o1_mf_s_829666480_96kk1jj2_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-OCT-13

Backup archivelog命令比较灵活，all是指备份当前所有可访问到的归档文件夹，

还可以通过until，scn，time，sequence等参数灵活指定备份的归档区间。

2 执行backup时指定plus archivelog字句

Rman>backup current controlfile plus archivelog

在备份控制文件之前先对归档文件进行备份，

Backup 。。。 plus archivelog，命令执行以下步骤

A 运行alter system archive log current语句对当前redolog进行归档

B 执行backup archivlelog all命令 备份所有归档文件

C 执行backup命令对指定项进行备份

D 再次运行alter system archive log current对redolog进行归档

E 对新生成的尚未备份的归档文件进行备份

完成了归档日志的备份后，我们需要删除过期的归档文件的备份，

Rman，提供了delete all input参数，加在backup命令后，则会完成备份后自动删除归档目录中已备份的归档日志，

RMAN> delete archivelog all like '/backup/archivelog1/%' backed up 1 times to device type disk;

Rman>list backup of archivelog all;

--delete noprompt archivelog all completed before 'sysdate';   --->该命令清除所有的归档日志

delete noprompt archivelog all;                              --->同上一命令

6初始化参数文件的备份

通常在备份控制文件时，rman会自动备份服务器端的初始化参数文件，并置于控制文件相同的备份片中，/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfilegrs.ora

Rman>backup spfile;单独备份参数文件

RMAN>  backup spfile format '/u01/oracle/backup/backup_spfile';

Starting backup at 24-OCT-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

including current SPFILE in backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/backup_spfile tag=TAG20131024T145840 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 24-OCT-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-OCT-13

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/GRS/autobackup/2013_10_24/o1_mf_s_829666721_96kk91h7_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-OCT-13

RMAN> backup spfile format '/u01/oracle/backup

2> ';

Starting backup at 14-MAR-14

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=159 devtype=DISK

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 03/14/2014 16:14:29

RMAN-06062: can not backup SPFILE because the instance was not started with SPFILE

7对备份集进行备份

备份所有备份集

Rman>backup backupset all;

指定备份备份集

Rman>backup backupset n1,n2..;也可以添加delete input参数

4 rman命令

1 显示rman默认配置—show

RMAN> show all;

RMAN configuration parameters are:

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default

CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_grs.f'; # default

配置项后面加了#default，表示该配置项没有修改过，

Rman>show configure archivlelog deletion policy to none;

2 列出备份信息—list

LIST BACKUP OF DATABASE BY BACKUP

LIST BACKUP BY FILE

LIST BACKUP SUMMARY

LIST EXPIRED COPY

LIST BACKUP RECOVERABLE

LIST FAILURE;

ADVISE FAILURE;

REPAIR FAILURE;

RMAN> list backup;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

1       176.85M    DISK        00:02:21     10-NOV-14

BP Key: 1   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20141110T165750

Piece Name: /home/oracle/oracle_rman/rman_backup_01pn9a8g_1_1

List of Archived Logs in backup set 1

Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time

---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------

1    3       480534     29-OCT-14 521206     30-OCT-14

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

2       Full    135.77M    DISK        00:04:17     10-NOV-14

BP Key: 2   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20141110T170021

Piece Name: /home/oracle/oracle_rman/rman_backup_02pn9ad5_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 2

File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

1       Full 16926112   10-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/grs/system01.dbf

2       Full 16926112   10-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/grs/undotbs01.dbf

3       Full 16926112   10-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/grs/sysaux01.dbf

4       Full 16926112   10-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/grs/users01.dbf

5       Full 16926112   10-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/grs/example01.dbf

6       Full 16926112   10-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/grs/grsv501.dbf

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

3       1.11M      DISK        00:00:01     10-NOV-14

BP Key: 3   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20141110T170448

Piece Name: /home/oracle/oracle_rman/rman_backup_03pn9alg_1_1

 List of Archived Logs in backup set 3

Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time

---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------

1    17      16926056   10-NOV-14 16926311   10-NOV-14

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

4       Full    6.80M      DISK        00:00:01     10-NOV-14

BP Key: 4   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141110T170450

Piece Name: /home/oracle/oracle_rman/rman_backup_c-360277547-20141110-00

 Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 16926317     Ckp time: 10-NOV-14

SPFILE Included: Modification time: 07-NOV-14

List命令查看rman生成的备份集，备份镜像，归档文件等

List backup ；所有备份信息

List backup of controlfile；—所有控制文件的备份信息

List backup of datafile ‘f:\mydb\backup\......dbf’;

List backup of datafile 5;

List backup of archivelog all;---所有备份的归档文件的信息

List copy of tablespace ‘system’;----列出指定表空间的信息

List device type disk backup;列出某个设备上的所有信息

List archivelog all;列出db当前所有归档

List expired backup;列出无效备份（---无效备份怎么定义的？？）

List backup summary

RMAN> list copy of database archivelog all

RMAN> list expired backup;

3 删除备份—delete

用于删除rman备份记录以及相关物理文件（有时候并不是删除，而是打上标记），当使用rman执行备份操作时，会在rman资料库中生成rman备份记录，默认情况下rman备份记录会被存放在目标数据库的控制文件中，如果配置了恢复目录（recovery catalog），那么该备份集也会存放到该恢复目录中

Delete obsolete;删除过期备份----rman会根据冗余策略确定备份是否过期

RMAN> delete obsolete;

Delete obsolete命令

Note：1 如果被判断为废弃的备份是一个单独数据文件的镜像复制，在delete时直接删除

2 如果是备份集中的一部分，则必须等整个备份集都废弃了，才能删除

RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command

RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1

using channel ORA_DISK_1

Deleting the following obsolete backups and copies:

Type                 Key    Completion Time    Filename/Handle

-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------

Backup Set           1      24-OCT-13

Delete expired backup；删除无效备份，用此命令删除无效的备份，

首先执行crosscheck命令核对备份集，如果发现无效（比如备份对应的数据文件损坏或丢失），rman会将该备份集标记为expired状态，

RMAN> delete expired backup;

using channel ORA_DISK_1

  Delete expired copy；删除expiry副本

  Delete backupset 9,1,2；删除指定备份集

RMAN> delete backupset 43,47,48,49;

using channel ORA_DISK_1

List of Backup Pieces

BP Key  BS Key  Pc# Cp# Status      Device Type Piece Name

------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------

43      43      1   1   UNAVAILABLE DISK        /u01/oracle/backup/full_1koo4kd1_1_1

47      47      1   1   UNAVAILABLE DISK        /u01/oracle/backup/rman1104_backup_c-325518186-20140312-00

48      48      1   1   UNAVAILABLE DISK        /u01/oracle/backup/backup_spfile

49      49      1   1   UNAVAILABLE DISK        /u01/oracle/backup/rman1104_backup_c-325518186-20140314-00

Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes

  Delete backuppiece ‘f:\myd\backup\....bak’;删除特定备份片

  Delete backup;删除所有备份集—----状态为expired的备份删不掉，

  Delete datafile copy ‘f……….bak’；删除特定映像副本

  Delete copy ；删除所有映像副本

  Backup archivelog all delete input ;在备份后删除输入对象

RMAN> backup archivelog all delete input;

Starting backup at 24-OCT-13

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

input archive log thread=1 sequence=20 recid=1 stamp=829666475

input archive log thread=1 sequence=21 recid=2 stamp=829669679

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-OCT-13

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/GRS/backupset/2013_10_24/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20131024T154800_96kn5k4j_.bkp tag=TAG20131024T154800 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archive log(s)

archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/GRS/archivelog/2013_10_24/o1_mf_1_20_96kk1b3h_.arc recid=1 stamp=829666475

archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/GRS/archivelog/2013_10_24/o1_mf_1_21_96kn5hv3_.arc recid=2 stamp=829669679

Finished backup at 24-OCT-13

Delete backupset 22 format =”f:\mydb\backup\backup_%bk” delete input;

4 报表显示命令—report

REPORT NEED BACKUP DATABASE

REPORT OBSOLETE

REPORT SCHEMA

REPORT UNRECOVERABLE

Report主要用于当前备份信息的分析，如哪些备份已过期，哪些该备份，哪些备份不可用，哪些备份可删除等，

查看7天前的数据库的模式

Rman>report schema at time ‘sysdate-7’;--此时模式信息必须连接到catalog数据库（目录）

查看所需要备份的文件

RMAN> report need backup;

RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command

RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1

Report of files with less than 1 redundant backups

File #bkps Name

---- ----- -----------------------------------------------------

查看指定表空间是否需要备份

Report need backup tablespace yyhhqq;

查看过期备份

RMAN> report obsolete;

RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command

RMAN retention policy is set to recovery window of 7 days

Report of obsolete backups and copies

Type                 Key    Completion Time    Filen

RMAN> delete obsolete;

RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command

RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1

using channel ORA_DISK_1

Deleting the following obsolete backups and copies:

Type                 Key    Completion Time    Filename/Handle

-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------

5 执行检查—crosscheck命令

Crosscheck用来检查备份或归档物理文件的状态，如果物理文件存储并且在控制文件（或回复目录）有配匹记录，则标记该对象的状态为available（有效），如果文件不存在，则标记为expired，

检查所有归档文件

Rman>crosscheck archivelog all;

当操作系统环境变量nls_lang指定为中文，执行crosscheck检查失败，而又确定文件存在，显示失败说明成功，设置为american_america，英文环境检查正常

检查所有备份集

RMAN> crosscheck backup;

using channel ORA_DISK_1

crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'

backup piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/back_05on6v94_1_1 recid=3 stamp=829652260

crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'

backup piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/backup_datafile_09on7bsd_1_1 recid=6 stamp=829665165

crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'

backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/GRS/backupset/2013_10_24/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20131024T145435_96kk1gpx_.bkp recid=8 stamp=829666478

crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'

backup piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/backup_spfile recid=12 stamp=829666720

crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'

backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/GRS/backupset/2013_10_24/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20131024T154800_96kn5k4j_.bkp recid=14 stamp=829669681

crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'

backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/GRS/autobackup/2013_10_24/o1_mf_s_829669684_96kn5nok_.bkp recid=15 stamp=829669684

Crosschecked 6 objects

RMAN> delete expired backup;

using channel ORA_DISK_1

List of Backup Pieces

BP Key  BS Key  Pc# Cp# Status      Device Type Piece Name

------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------

12      12      1   1   EXPIRED     DISK        /u01/oracle/backup/backup_spfile

Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes

deleted backup piece

backup piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/backup_spfile recid=12 stamp=829666720

Deleted 1 EXPIRED objects

6 修改状态—change命令

Change命令用来修改备份文件或归档文件的状态，不是指物理文件，而是这些文件在控制文件（或恢复目录）中对应记录的状态，available，unavailable，

修改指定备份集状态为unavailable

Rman>change backupset n unavailable;n为指定备份集的备份集序号，指定的备份集必须存在，

RMAN> change backupset 47,48,46,43 unavailable;

changed backup piece unavailable

backup piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/full_1koo4kd1_1_1 recid=43 stamp=830624161

changed backup piece unavailable

backup piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/rman1104_backup_c-325518186-20131119-00 recid=46 stamp=831916246

changed backup piece unavailable

backup piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/rman1104_backup_c-325518186-20140312-00 recid=47 stamp=842007923

changed backup piece unavailable

backup piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/backup_spfile recid=48 stamp=842200054

Changed 4 objects to UNAVAILABLE status

修改指定指定的表空间的备份集为unavailable；

Rman>change backup of tablespace users unavailable;

修改指定归档文件状态为unavailable

Rman>change archivelog logseq=n unavailable;

Change 命令附带了delete字句，

删除某个归档文件

Rman>change archivelog logseq=n delete;