linux(centos)上配置nginx、mysql、php-fpm、redis开机启动<转>

原文 http://levi.cg.am/archives/2925

I、nginx开机启动

在/etc/init.d/目录下创建脚本

1

vi /etc/init.d/nginx
更改脚本权限

1

chmod 775 /etc/init.d/nginx

编写脚本内容

#!/bin/bash

# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server

# it is v.0.0.2 version.

# chkconfig: - 85 15

# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.

# It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.

# processname: nginx

# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid

# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nginxd=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

nginx_config=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nginx_pid=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

RETVAL=0

prog="nginx"

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.

. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.

[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0

[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0

# Start nginx daemons functions.

start() {

if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then

echo "nginx already running...."

exit 1

fi

echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx

return $RETVAL

}

# Stop nginx daemons functions.

stop() {

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

killproc $nginxd

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

}

reload() {

echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

#kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`

killproc $nginxd -HUP

RETVAL=$?

echo

}

# See how we were called.

case "$1" in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

reload)

reload

;;

restart)

stop

start

;;

status)

status $prog

RETVAL=$?

;;

*)

echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"

exit 1

esac

exit $RETVAL

设置开机启动

1

chkconfig nginxd on

II、设置mysql开机启动

将mysql安装目录下 support-files目录下的mysql.server文件拷贝到/etc/init.d/目录下并改名为mysqld，并更改权限

1

chmod 775 /etc/init.d/mysqld
设置开机启动

1

chkconfig mysqld on

III、php-fpm开机启动

在/etc/init.d/目录下创建脚本

1

vi /etc/init.d/php-fpm
更改脚本权限

1

chmod 775 /etc/init.d/php-fpm

编写脚本内容

#!/bin/sh

#

# php-fpm - this script starts and stops the php-fpm daemin

#

# chkconfig: - 85 15

# processname: php-fpm

# config: /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

set -e

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

DESC="php-fpm daemon"

NAME=php-fpm

DAEMON=/usr/local/php/sbin/$NAME //这里设成自己的目录

CONFIGFILE=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf //这里设成自己的目录

PIDFILE=/usr/local/php/var/run/$NAME.pid //这里设成自己的目录

SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME //这里设成自己的目录

# If the daemon file is not found, terminate the script.

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

d_start(){

$DAEMON -y $CONFIGFILE || echo -n " already running"

}

d_stop(){

kill -QUIT `cat $PIDFILE` || echo -n " no running"

}

d_reload(){

kill -HUP `cat $PIDFILE` || echo -n " could not reload"

}

case "$1" in

start)

echo -n "Starting $DESC: $NAME"

d_start

echo "."

;;

stop)

echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME"

d_stop

echo "."

;;

reload)

echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration..."

d_reload

echo "Reloaded."

;;

restart)

echo -n "Restarting $DESC: $NAME"

d_stop

# Sleep for two seconds before starting again, this should give the nginx daemon some time to perform a graceful stop

sleep 2

d_start

echo "."

;;

*)

echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload)" >&2

exit 3

;;

esac

exit 0

设置开机启动

1

chkconfig php-fpm on

Ⅳ、设置redis开机启动

在/etc/init.d/目录下创建脚本

1

vi /etc/init.d/redis
更改脚本权限

1

chmod 775 /etc/init.d/redis

编写脚本内容

###########################

PATH=/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin

REDISPORT=6379

EXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-server

REDIS_CLI=/usr/local/bin/redis-cli

PIDFILE=/var/run/redis.pid

CONF="/etc/redis.conf"

case "$1" in

start)

if [ -f $PIDFILE ]

then

echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed"

else

echo "Starting Redis server..."

$EXEC $CONF

fi

if [ "$?"="0" ]

then

echo "Redis is running..."

fi

;;

stop)

if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]

then

echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running"

else

PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)

echo "Stopping ..."

$REDIS_CLI -p $REDISPORT SHUTDOWN

while [ -x ${PIDFILE} ]

do

echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown ..."

sleep 1

done

echo "Redis stopped"

fi

;;

restart|force-reload)

${0} stop

${0} start

;;

*)

echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/redis {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2

exit 1

esac

##############################

设置开机启动

1

chkconfig redis on

至此，大功告成。可以用命令 chkconfig 查看开机启动服务列表

1	`chkconfig --list`

附录：

1、nigx重启错误

bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)

这个是nginx重启是经常遇到的。网上找了很多信息都是没有啥用。说的乱七八糟的。发现原来是nginx重复重启。自己占用了端口。解决方法

1	`killall -9 nginx`

杀掉nginx 进程然后重启就行了。

1	`service nginx restart`

2、php-fpm 启动关闭

php-fpm 不再支持 php-fpm 补丁具有的 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm (start|stop|reload)等命令，需要使用信号控制：

master进程可以理解以下信号

SIGINT, SIGTERM 立刻终止
SIGQUIT 平滑终止
SIGUSR1 重新打开日志文件
SIGUSR2 平滑重载所有worker进程并重新载入配置和二进制模块

示例：

php-fpm 关闭：

1

kill -SIGINT `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
php-fpm 重启：

1

kill -SIGUSR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`

其次配置文件不再使用的xml 格式，改为了INI，但是配置参数几乎和以前一样，可参照xml格式的格式配置。

3、nginx 启动关闭

nginx的启动(nginx.conf文件基本上位于nginx主目录中的conf目录中)

1

nginx -c nginx.conf
nginx的停止(nginx.pid文件基本上位于nginx主目录中的logs目录中)

1

ps -ef | grep nginx

可发现数个nginx进程,其中标有master的为主进程,其它为子进程, 停止nginx主要就是对主进程进行信号控制.
1. 从容停止
  
  1
  
  kill -QUIT `cat nginx.pid`
2. 快速停止
  
  1
  
  kill -TERM `cat nginx.pid`
  
  or
  
  1
  
  kill -INT `cat nginx.pid`
3. 强制停止
  
  1
  
  kill -9 `cat nginx.pid`
nginx的平滑重启
首先要验证新的配置文件是否正确:

1

nginc -t -c nginx.conf

成功后向主进程发送HUP信号即可: [/shell]kill -HUP `cat nginx.pid`[/shell]

4、nginx的平滑升级

备份好旧的可执行文件,使用新版本替换旧版本
kill -USR2 旧版本的主进程PID 进行平滑升级, 此时新老版本共存
kill -WINCH 旧版本的主进程PID 逐步关闭旧主进程的工作进程

当旧主进程产生的工作进程全部关闭后, 可以决定是否使用新版本还是旧版本.(需要使用kill命令来杀死新或旧主进程)

#!/bin/sh

BASE_DIR='/usr/local/'

${BASE_DIR}nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c ${BASE_DIR}nginx/conf/nginx.conf >& ${BASE_DIR}nginx/logs/nginx.start

info=`cat ${BASE_DIR}nginx/logs/nginx.start`

if [ `echo $info | grep -c "syntax is ok" ` -eq 1 ]; then

if [ `ps aux|grep "nginx"|grep -c "master"` == 1 ]; then

kill -HUP `cat ${BASE_DIR}nginx/logs/nginx.pid`

echo "ok"

else

killall -9 nginx

sleep 1

${BASE_DIR}nginx/sbin/nginx

fi

else

echo "######## error: ########"

cat ${BASE_DIR}nginx/logs/nginx.start

fi

5、CentOS修改系统环境变量

我这里拿php作为一个例子，我的php安装在/usr/local/webserver/php下，没有把php加入环境变量时，你在命令行执行

1 2	`#查看当前php的版本信息` `[root@CentOS ~]# php -v`

会提示你此命令不存在。

下面详细说说linux下修改环境变量的方法

方法一：

在/etc/profile文件中添加变量【对所有用户生效（永久的）】
用VI在文件/etc/profile文件中增加变量，该变量将会对Linux下所有用户有效，并且是“永久的”。

1	`[root@CentOS ~]# vi /etc/profile`

在文件末尾加上如下两行代码

1 2	`PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH` `export` `PATH`

如：

# /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup

# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc

# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you

# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in

# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this

# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.

pathmunge () {

case ":${PATH}:" in

*:"$1":*)

;;

*)

if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then

PATH=$PATH:$1

else

PATH=$1:$PATH

fi

esac

}

if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then

if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then

# ksh workaround

EUID=`id -u`

UID=`id -ru`

fi

USER="`id -un`"

LOGNAME=$USER

MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"

fi

# Path manipulation

if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then

pathmunge /sbin

pathmunge /usr/sbin

pathmunge /usr/local/sbin

else

pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after

pathmunge /usr/sbin after

pathmunge /sbin after

fi

HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`

HISTSIZE=1000

if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then

export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

else

export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups

fi

export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL

# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell

# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200

# You could check uidgid reservation validity in

# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file

if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then

umask 002

else

umask 022

fi

for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do

if [ -r "$i" ]; then

if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then

. "$i"

else

. "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1

fi

done

unset i

unset pathmunge

PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH

export PATH

要是刚才的修改马上生效，需要执行以下代码

1	`[root@CentOS ~]# source /etc/profile`

这时再查看系统环境变量，就能看见刚才加的东西已经生效了

1 2	`[root@CentOS ~]# echo $PATH` `/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:/usr/lib/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin`

现在就能直接使用php命令了（而不是像之前写很长一串/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php -v），例如查看当前php的版本

[root@CentOS ~]# php -v

PHP 5.3.8 (cli) (built: Jun 27 2012 14:28:20)

方法二：

在用户目录下的.bash_profile文件中增加变量【对单一用户生效（永久的）】
用VI在用户目录下的.bash_profile文件中增加变量，改变量仅会对当前用户有效，并且是“永久的”。具体操作和方法1一样，这里就不在列举代码了。

方法三：

直接运行export命令定义变量【只对当前shell（BASH）有效（临时的）】

在shell的命令行下直接使用[export变量名=变量值]定义变量，该变量只在当前的shell（BASH）或其子shell（BASH）下是有效的，shell关闭了，变量也就失效了，再打开新shell时就没有这个变量，需要使用的话还需要重新定义。例如

1	`export` `PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH`