Centos7 Apache配置虚拟主机的三种方式

https://blog.csdn.net/tladagio/article/details/80760261

一、虚机主机的三种方式

1、基于IP

2、基于IP+端口

3、基于域名

官网文档：http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/

二、安装Apache

1、系统环境

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

[root@localhost ~]# ip ad

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    inet6 ::1/128 scope host

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:0c:29:5c:ff:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.253.128/24 brd 192.168.253.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736

       valid_lft 1388sec preferred_lft 1388sec

    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe5c:ff91/64 scope link

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2、yum安装

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y httpd

*****

======================================================================================================================================================

 Package                             架构                           版本                                           源                            大小

======================================================================================================================================================

正在安装:

 httpd                               x86_64                         2.4.6-80.el7.centos                            base                         2.7 M

为依赖而安装:

 apr                                 x86_64                         1.4.8-3.el7_4.1                                base                         103 k

 apr-util                            x86_64                         1.5.2-6.el7                                    base                          92 k

 httpd-tools                         x86_64                         2.4.6-80.el7.centos                            base                          89 k

 mailcap                             noarch                         2.1.41-2.el7                                   base                          31 k

***

已安装:

  httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos                                                                                                                  

作为依赖被安装:

  apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7_4.1     apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7     httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos     mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7    

完毕！

可以查看安装了内容

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql httpd | less

3、配置Selinux文件，SELINUX=disabled。

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

或者临时关闭

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

4、关闭防火墙

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.

5、启动httpd服务，访问测试

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd

三、修改主配置文件

1、查看apache主配置文件，确保存在以下配置，因为等下需要在conf.d/创建虚机主机配置。

[root@localhost ~]# vim  /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf

2、另外，把 Require all denied默认拒绝访问设置为允许访问： Require all granted，方便测试。

<Directory />

    AllowOverride none

#  Require all denied

    Require all granted

</Directory>

四、新增虚拟主机配置文件

1、添加基于多个IP的虚拟主机

1）创建配置文件

    [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/

    [root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf

<VirtualHost 192.168.253.128:80>

        ServerName a.com

        DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"    #网页路径

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.253.129:80>

        ServerName b.com

        DocumentRoot "/www/b.com/"    #网页路径

</VirtualHost>

2）网卡绑定多个IP（我的网卡名是eno16777736，不是eth0）

[root@localhost conf.d]# ip addr add 192.168.253.129 dev eno16777736

[root@localhost conf.d]# ip add

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    inet6 ::1/128 scope host

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:0c:29:5c:ff:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.253.128/24 brd 192.168.253.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736

       valid_lft 1542sec preferred_lft 1542sec

    inet 192.168.253.129/32 scope global eno16777736

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe5c:ff91/64 scope link

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3）创建虚机主机a.com和b.com的主页面

[root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir -pv /www/{a.com,b.com}

mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www"

mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/a.com"

mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/b.com"

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/a.com/index.html

<h1>Hello,a.com</h1>

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/b.com/index.html

<h1>Hello,b.com</h1>

4）检查配置文件是否正常

    [root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t

    AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message

    Syntax OK

5）重启httpd服务

[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

6）打开浏览器，查看结果

2、配置基于IP+端口的虚拟主机

1）创建配置文件

    [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/

    [root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf

<VirtualHost 192.168.253.128:80>

        ServerName a.com

        DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.253.128:8080>

        ServerName b.com

        DocumentRoot "/www/b.com/"

</VirtualHost>

2）修改httpd主配置文件，在Listen 80下面添加一行监控8080端口

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Listen 8080

3）创建虚机主机a.com和b.com的主页面（如果前面已经创建就不用重复）

    [root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir -pv /www/{a.com,b.com}

    mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www"

    mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/a.com"

    mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/b.com"

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/a.com/index.html

<h1>Hello,a.com</h1>

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/b.com/index.html

<h1>Hello,b.com</h1>

4）检查配置文件

    [root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t

    AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message

    Syntax OK

5）重启httpd服务

[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

6）打开浏览器，查看结果

3、基于域名的虚拟主机

1）创建配置文件

    [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/

    [root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

        ServerName a.com

        DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>

        ServerName b.com

        DocumentRoot "/www/b.com/"

</VirtualHost>

2）修改物理主机hosts文件（C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc），因为这里是因为物理机去访问Apache服务器

添加：

192.168.253.128 a.com

192.168.253.128 b.com

3）物理主机ping域名测试

4）创建虚机主机a.com和b.com的主页面（如果前面已经创建就不用重复）

    [root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir -pv /www/{a.com,b.com}

    mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www"

    mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/a.com"

    mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/b.com"

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/a.com/index.html

<h1>Hello,a.com</h1>

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/b.com/index.html

<h1>Hello,b.com</h1>

5）检查配置文件

    [root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t

    AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message

    Syntax OK

6）重启httpd服务

[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

7）打开浏览器，查看结果

五、扩展虚机主机配置文件

1、先修改回apache主配置文件，设置 Require all denied默认拒绝访问

<Directory />

    AllowOverride none

    Require all denied

</Directory>

这时候再去访问以上的三种配置虚机主机，会全部访问不了。因此需要针对虚机目录设置访问权限。

2、修改虚拟主机配置文件

    [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/

    [root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
#绑定的主域
ServerName a.com
#绑定的子域名
ServerAlias www.test.com
#网站主目录
DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"
#错误日志目录
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/a.com/error.log"
#访问日志目录
CustomLog "/va/log/httpd/a.com.access.log"
<Directory "www/a.com/">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
#允许任意访问
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>

3、创建日志目录

[root@localhost b.com]# cd /var/log/httpd/
[root@localhost httpd]# mkdir a.com
[root@localhost httpd]# ll
总用量 60
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 37976 1月 23 22:26 access_log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 1月 23 22:41 a.com
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 17795 1月 23 22:38 error_log
[root@localhost httpd]# cd a.com/
[root@localhost a.com]# touch error.log
[root@localhost a.com]# touch access.log

日志目录记得更改属主和属组为Apache，否则httpd启动失败

[root@localhost httpd]# chown -R apache:apache a.com/

4、配置指定IP可以访问虚拟主机（可以单个IP，也可以是一个网段）

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtual.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
#绑定的主域
ServerName a.com
#绑定的子域名
ServerAlias www.test.com
#网站主目录
DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"
#错误日志目录
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/a.com/error.log"
#访问日志目录
CustomLog "/va/log/httpd/a.com.access.log"
<Directory "www/a.com/">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
#允许任意访问
Require ip 192.168.253.0/24
</Directory>

5、配置指定用户可以访问虚拟主机

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtual.conf

    <VirtualHost *:80>

    #绑定的主域

    ServerName a.com

    #绑定的子域名

    ServerAlias www.test.com

    #网站主目录

    DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"

    #错误日志目录

    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/a.com/error.log"

    #访问日志目录

    CustomLog "/va/log/httpd/a.com.access.log"

    <Directory "www/a.com/">

    Options FollowSymLinks

    AllowOverride authconfig

    AuthType basic

    AuthName "Restrict area"

    AuthUserFile "etc/httpd/.htpasswd"

    Require valid-user

    </Directory>

创建用户文件，第一次创建的时候要加-c，以后创建都不用加-c，否则会覆盖原数据

    [root@localhost conf.d]# pwd

    /etc/httpd/conf.d

    [root@localhost conf.d]# htpasswd -h

    htpasswd: illegal option -- h

    Usage:

    htpasswd [-cimBdpsDv] [-C cost] passwordfile username

    htpasswd -b[cmBdpsDv] [-C cost] passwordfile username password

    htpasswd -n[imBdps] [-C cost] username

    htpasswd -nb[mBdps] [-C cost] username password

    -c Create a new file.

    -n Don't update file; display results on stdout.

    -b Use the password from the command line rather than prompting for it.

    -i Read password from stdin without verification (for script usage).

    -m Force MD5 encryption of the password (default).

    -B Force bcrypt encryption of the password (very secure).

    -C Set the computing time used for the bcrypt algorithm

    (higher is more secure but slower, default: 5, valid: 4 to 31).

    -d Force CRYPT encryption of the password (8 chars max, insecure).

    -s Force SHA encryption of the password (insecure).

    -p Do not encrypt the password (plaintext, insecure).

    -D Delete the specified user.

    -v Verify password for the specified user.

    On other systems than Windows and NetWare the '-p' flag will probably not work.

    The SHA algorithm does not use a salt and is less secure than the MD5 algorithm.

    [root@localhost conf.d]# htpasswd -c -m /etc/httpd/.htpasswd tom

    New password:

    Re-type new password:

    Adding password for user tom

重启httpd服务

    [root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t

    AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message

    Syntax OK

    [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

在浏览器测试登录

6、Require参考

Require all granted
无条件允许访问。
Require all denied
访问被无条件拒绝。
Require env env-var [env-var] ...
只有在给定的环境变量之一被设置的情况下才允许访问。
Require method http-method [http-method] ...
只有给定的HTTP方法才允许访问。
Require expr expression
如果表达式计算结果为true，则允许访问。
Require user userid [userid] ...
只有指定的用户才能访问资源。
Require group group-name [group-name] ...
只有指定组中的用户才能访问资源。
Require valid-user
所有有效的用户都可以访问资源。
Require ip 10 172.20 192.168.2
指定IP地址范围内的客户端可以访问资源。

7、Options

None:不支持任何选项

Indexes：允许索引目录

FollowSymLinks：允许访问符号链接指向的原文件

Includes：允许执行服务端包含（SSI）

ExecCGI：允许允许CGI脚本

ALL：支持所有选项