Jasmine入门（结合示例讲解）

参考：

http://www.cnblogs.com/wushangjue/p/4541209.html

http://keenwon.com/1191.html

http://jasmine.github.io/2.0/introduction.html

/*
Created by laixiangran on 2015/12/15.
jasmine测试脚本
 */
(function() {
    /*
     jasmine基本语法介绍：
     describe(string, function)：可以理解为是一个测试集或者测试包（官方称之为suite），主要功能是用来划分单元测试的，describe是可以嵌套使用的
     参数string：描述测试包的信息
     参数function：测试集的具体实现，可包含任意代码

     it(string, function)：测试用例（官方称之为spec）
     参数string：描述测试用例的信息
     参数function：测试用例的具体实现，可包含任意代码

     expect：断言表达式

     从以下例子可知：
     1、每个测试文件中可以包含多个describe
     2、每个describe中可以包含多个it
     3、每个it中可以包含多个expect
     4、describe可嵌套使用
     */
    describe("Jasmine Test 1", function() {
        it("a spec with an expectation", function() {
            expect(1).toBe(1);
            expect(1===1).toBe(true);
            expect("a").not.toBe("b");
        });

        it("an other spec in current suite", function() {
            expect(true).toBe(true);
        });
    });
    describe("Jasmine Test 2", function() {
        it("nothing", function() {

        });
    });
    describe("Jasmine Test 3", function() {
        describe("Jasmine Test 4", function() {
            it("b等于b", function() {
                expect("b").toBe("b");
            });

            it("1===1是正确的", function() {
                expect(1===1).toBe(true);
            });
        });
    });

    /*
     * expect的匹配器
     * */
    describe("Included matchers:", function() {
        //"toBe"基本类型判断
        it("The 'toBe' matcher compares with ===", function() {
            var a = 12;
            var b = a;
            expect(a).toBe(b);
            expect(a).not.toBe(null);
        });
        //"toEqual"除了能判断基本类型（相当于"toBe"），还能判断对象
        describe("The 'toEqual' matcher", function() {
            //基本类型判断
            it("works for simple literals and variables", function() {
                var a = 12;
                expect(a).toEqual(12);
            });
            //对象判断
            it("should work for objects", function() {
                var foo = {
                    a: 12,
                    b: 34
                };
                var bar = {
                    a: 12,
                    b: 34
                };
                expect(foo).toEqual(bar);
            });
        });
        //"toMatch"使用正则表达式判断
        it("The 'toMatch' matcher is for regular expressions", function() {
            var message = "foo bar baz";
            expect(message).toMatch(/bar/);
            expect(message).toMatch("bar");
            expect(message).not.toMatch(/quux/);
        });
        //"toBeDefined"判断是否定义
        it("The 'toBeDefined' matcher compares against 'undefined'", function() {
            var a = {
                foo: "foo"
            };
            expect(a.foo).toBeDefined();
            expect(a.bar).not.toBeDefined();
        });
        //"toBeUndefined"判断是否是undefined，与"toBeDefined"相反
        it("The 'toBeUndefined' matcher compares against 'undefined'", function() {
            var a = {
                foo: "foo"
            };
            expect(a.foo).not.toBeUndefined();
            expect(a.bar).toBeUndefined();
        });
        //"toBeNull"判断是否为null
        it("The 'toBeNull' matcher compares against null", function() {
            var a = null;
            var foo = "foo";
            expect(null).toBeNull();
            expect(a).toBeNull();
            expect(foo).not.toBeNull();
        });
        //"toBeTruthy"判断是否是true
        it("The 'toBeTruthy' matcher is for boolean casting testing", function() {
            var a, foo = "foo";
            expect(foo).toBeTruthy();
            expect(a).not.toBeTruthy();
            expect(true).toBeTruthy();
        });
        //"toBeFalsy"判断是否是false
        it("The 'toBeFalsy' matcher is for boolean casting testing", function() {
            var a, foo = "foo";
            expect(a).toBeFalsy();
            expect(foo).not.toBeFalsy();
            expect(false).toBeFalsy();
        });
        //"toContain"判断数组是否包含（可判断基本类型和对象）
        it("The 'toContain' matcher is for finding an item in an Array", function() {
            var a = ["foo", "bar", "baz"];
            var b = [{foo: "foo", bar: "bar"}, {baz: "baz", bar: "bar"}];
            expect(a).toContain("bar");
            expect(a).not.toContain("quux");
            expect(b).toContain({foo: "foo", bar: "bar"});
            expect(b).not.toContain({foo: "foo", baz: "baz"});
        });
        //"toBeLessThan"判断值类型的大小，结果若小则为True（也可以判断字符及字符串，以ascii码的大小为判断依据）
        it("The 'toBeLessThan' matcher is for mathematical comparisons", function() {
            var pi = 3.1415926,
                e = 2.78;
            expect(e).toBeLessThan(pi);
            expect(pi).not.toBeLessThan(e);
            expect("a").toBeLessThan("b");
            expect("b").not.toBeLessThan("a");
        });
        //"toBeGreaterThan"判断值类型的大小，结果若大则为True，与toBeLessThan相反（也可以判断字符及字符串，以ascii码的大小为判断依据）
        it("The 'toBeGreaterThan' matcher is for mathematical comparisons", function() {
            var pi = 3.1415926,
                e = 2.78;
            expect(pi).toBeGreaterThan(e);
            expect(e).not.toBeGreaterThan(pi);
            expect("a").not.toBeGreaterThan("b");
            expect("b").toBeGreaterThan("a");
        });
        //"toBeCloseTo"判断数字是否相似（第二个参数为小数精度，默认为2位）
        it("The 'toBeCloseTo' matcher is for precision math comparison", function() {
            var a = 1.1;
            var b = 1.5;
            var c = 1.455;
            var d = 1.459;
            expect(a).toBeCloseTo(b, 0);
            expect(a).not.toBeCloseTo(c, 1);
            expect(c).toBeCloseTo(d);
        });
        //"toThrow"判断是否抛出异常
        it("The 'toThrow' matcher is for testing if a function throws an exception", function() {
            var foo = function() {
                return 1 + 2;
            };
            var bar = function() {
                return a + 1;
            };
            expect(foo).not.toThrow();
            expect(bar).toThrow();
        });
        //"toThrowError"判断是否抛出了指定的错误
        it("The 'toThrowError' matcher is for testing a specific thrown exception", function() {
            var foo = function() {
                throw new TypeError("foo bar baz");
            };
            expect(foo).toThrowError("foo bar baz");
            expect(foo).toThrowError(/bar/);
            expect(foo).toThrowError(TypeError);
            expect(foo).toThrowError(TypeError, "foo bar baz");
        });
    });

    /*
     * "fail"函数能使一个测试用例失败，参数为自定义的失败信息
     * */
    describe("A spec using the fail function", function() {
        var foo = function(x, callBack) {
            if (x) {
                callBack();
            }
        };

        it("should not call the callBack", function() {
            foo(false, function() {
                fail("Callback has been called");
            });
        });
    });

    /*
     Jasmine允许在执行测试集/测试用例的开始前/结束后做一些初始化/销毁的操作。

     Setup方法：
     beforeAll：每个suite（即describe）中所有spec（即it）运行之前运行
     beforeEach：每个spec（即it）运行之前运行

     Teardown方法：
     afterAll：每个suite（即describe）中所有spec（即it）运行之后运行
     afterEach：每个spec（即it）运行之后运行
     * */
    var globalCount;
    describe("Setup and Teardown suite 1", function() {
        var suiteGlobalCount;
        var eachTestCount;

        beforeAll(function() {
            globalCount = 0;
            suiteGlobalCount = 0;
            eachTestCount = 0;
        });

        afterAll(function() {
            suiteGlobalCount = 0;
        });

        beforeEach(function() {
            globalCount++;
            suiteGlobalCount++;
            eachTestCount++;
        });

        afterEach(function() {
            eachTestCount = 0;
        });

        it("Spec 1", function() {
            expect(globalCount).toBe(1);
            expect(suiteGlobalCount).toBe(1);
            expect(eachTestCount).toBe(1);
        });

        it("Spec 2", function() {
            expect(globalCount).toBe(2);
            expect(suiteGlobalCount).toBe(2);
            expect(eachTestCount).toBe(1);
        });
    });

    describe("Setup and Teardown suite 2", function() {
        beforeEach(function() {
            globalCount += 2;
        });

        it("Spec 1", function() {
            expect(globalCount).toBe(4);
        });
    });

    /*
     * 在beforeEach - it - afterEach中，还可以使用this关键字定义变量。需要注意的是，使用this关键字声明的变量，仅在beforeEach - it - afterEach这个过程中传递
     * */
    describe("Test 'this'", function() {
        beforeEach(function() {
            this.testCount = this.testCount || 0;
            this.testCount++;
        });

        afterEach(function() {
            //this.testCount = 0; //无论是否有这行，结果是一样的，因为this指定的变量只能在每个spec的beforeEach/it/afterEach过程中传递
        });

        it("Spec 1", function() {
            expect(this.testCount).toBe(1);
        });

        it("Spec 2", function() {
            expect(this.testCount).toBe(1);
        });
    });

    /*
    在实际项目中，需要由于发布的版本需要选择测试用例包，xdescribe和xit能很方便的将不包含在版本中的测试用例排除在外。
    不过xdescribe和xit略有不同：
    xdescribe：该describe下的所有it将被忽略，Jasmine将直接忽略这些it，因此不会被运行
    xit：运行到该it时，挂起它不执行
    * */
    xdescribe("Test xdescribe", function() {
        it("Spec 1", function() {
            expect(1).toBe(1);
        });

        it("Spec 2", function() {
            expect(2).toBe(2);
        });
    });

    describe("Test xit", function() {
        it("Spec 1", function() {
            expect(1).toBe(1);
        });

        xit("Spec 2", function() {
            expect(2).toBe(1);
        });

        xit("Spec 3", function() {
            expect(3).toBe(3);
        });
    });

    /*
    * Spy用来追踪函数的调用历史信息（是否被调用、调用参数列表、被请求次数等）。Spy仅存在于定义它的describe和it方法块中，并且每次在spec执行完之后被销毁。
    * 当在一个对象上使用spyOn方法后即可模拟调用对象上的函数，此时对所有函数的调用是不会执行实际代码的。
    * 两个Spy常用的expect：
    *   toHaveBeenCalled: 函数是否被调用
    *   toHaveBeenCalledWith: 调用函数时的参数
    * */
    describe("A spy", function() {
        var foo, bar = null;

        beforeEach(function() {
            foo = {
                setBar: function(value) {
                    bar = value;
                }
            };
            spyOn(foo, "setBar"); // 在foo对象上添加spy
            // 此时调用foo对象上的方法，均为模拟调用，因此不会执行实际的代码
            foo.setBar(123); // 调用foo的setBar方法
            foo.setBar(456, "another param");
        });

        it("tracks that the spy was called", function() {
            expect(foo.setBar).toHaveBeenCalled(); //判断foo的setBar是否被调用
        });

        it("tracks all the arguments of its calls", function() {
            expect(foo.setBar).toHaveBeenCalledWith(123); //判断被调用时的参数
            expect(foo.setBar).toHaveBeenCalledWith(456, "another param");
        });

        it("stops all execution on a function", function() {
            expect(bar).toBeNull();  // 由于是模拟调用，因此bar值并没有改变
        });
    });

    /*
    * spyOn().and.callThrough()，告诉Jasmine我们除了要完成对函数调用的跟踪，同时也需要执行实际的代码。
    * */
    describe("A spy, when configured to call through", function() {
        var foo, bar, fetchedBar;

        beforeEach(function() {
            foo = {
                setBar: function(value) {
                    bar = value;
                },
                getBar: function() {
                    return bar;
                }
            };
            spyOn(foo, "getBar").and.callThrough(); // 这里使用了callThrough，这时所有的函数调用为真实的执行
            spyOn(foo, "setBar").and.callThrough();
            foo.setBar(123);
            fetchedBar = foo.getBar();
        });

        it("tracks that the spy was called", function() {
            expect(foo.getBar).toHaveBeenCalled();
        });

        it("should not effect other functions", function() {
            expect(foo.setBar).toHaveBeenCalledWith(123);
            expect(bar).toEqual(123); // 由于是真实调用，因此bar有了真实的值
        });

        it("when called returns the requested value", function() {
            expect(fetchedBar).toEqual(123); // 由于是真实调用，fetchedBar也有了真实的值
        });
    });

    /*
    * spyOn().and.returnValue()，由于Spy是模拟函数的调用，因此我们也可以强制指定函数的返回值。
    * */
    describe("A spy, when configured to fake a return value", function() {
        var foo, bar, fetchedBar;

        beforeEach(function() {
            foo = {
                setBar: function(value) {
                    bar = value;
                },
                getBar: function() {
                    return bar;
                }
            };
            spyOn(foo, "getBar").and.returnValue(745); // 这将指定getBar方法返回值为745
            foo.setBar(123);
            fetchedBar = foo.getBar();
        });

        it("tracks that the spy was called", function() {
            expect(foo.getBar).toHaveBeenCalled();
        });

        it("should not effect other functions", function() {
            expect(bar).toEqual(123);
        });

        it("when called returns the requested value", function() {
            expect(fetchedBar).toEqual(745);
        });
    });

    /*
     * spyOn().and.callFake()，
     * 与returnValue相似，callFake则更进一步，直接通过指定一个假的自定义函数来执行。这种方式比returnValue更灵活，我们可以任意捏造一个函数来达到我们的测试要求。
     * */
    describe("A spy, when configured with an alternate implementation", function() {
        var foo, bar, fetchedBar;

        beforeEach(function() {
            foo = {
                setBar: function(value) {
                    bar = value;
                },
                getBar: function() {
                    return bar;
                }
            };
            spyOn(foo, "getBar").and.callFake(function() {
                return 1001;
            });
            foo.setBar(123);
            fetchedBar = foo.getBar();
        });

        it("tracks that the spy was called", function() {
            expect(foo.getBar).toHaveBeenCalled();
        });

        it("should not effect other functions", function() {
            expect(bar).toEqual(123);
        });

        it("when called returns the requested value", function() {
            expect(fetchedBar).toEqual(1001);
        });
    });

    /*
     * spyOn().and.throwError()，模拟异常的抛出
     * */
    describe("A spy, when configured to throw an error", function() {
        var foo, bar;

        beforeEach(function() {
            foo = {
                setBar: function(value) {
                    bar = value;
                }
            };
            spyOn(foo, "setBar").and.throwError("quux");
        });

        it("throws the value", function() {
            expect(function() {
                foo.setBar(123)
            }).toThrowError("quux");
        });
    });

    /*
     * spyOn().and.stub()，回复到原始的spyOn()方法
     * */
    describe("A spy", function() {
        var foo, bar = null;

        beforeEach(function() {
            foo = {
                setBar: function(value) {
                    bar = value;
                },
                getBar: function(){
                    return bar;
                }
            };
            spyOn(foo, "setBar").and.callThrough(); // 标记1
            spyOn(foo, "getBar").and.returnValue(999); // 标记2
        });

        it("can call through and then stub in the same spec", function() {
            foo.setBar(123);
            expect(bar).toEqual(123);

            var getValue = foo.getBar();
            expect(getValue).toEqual(999);

            foo.setBar.and.stub(); // 相当于"标记1"中的代码变为了spyOn(foo, "setBar")
            foo.getBar.and.stub(); // 相当于"标记2"中的代码变为了spyOn(foo, "getBar")
            bar = null;

            foo.setBar(123);
            expect(bar).toBe(null);
            expect(foo.setBar).toHaveBeenCalled(); // 函数调用追踪并没有被重置

            getValue = foo.getBar();
            expect(getValue).toEqual(undefined);
            expect(foo.getBar).toHaveBeenCalled(); // 函数调用追踪并没有被重置
        });
    });

    /*
    * 其他追踪属性：
     calls：对于被Spy的函数的调用，都可以在calls属性中跟踪。
     .calls.any(): 被Spy的函数一旦被调用过，则返回true，否则为false；
     .calls.count(): 返回被Spy的函数的被调用次数；
     .calls.argsFor(index): 返回被Spy的函数的调用参数，以index来指定参数；
     .calls.allArgs():返回被Spy的函数的所有调用参数；
     .calls.all(): 返回calls的上下文，这将返回当前calls的整个实例数据；
     .calls.mostRecent(): 返回calls中追踪的最近一次的请求数据；
     .calls.first(): 返回calls中追踪的第一次请求的数据；
     .object: 当调用all()，mostRecent()，first()方法时，返回对象的object属性返回的是当前上下文对象；
     .calls.reset(): 重置Spy的所有追踪数据；
    * */
    describe("A spy", function() {
        var foo, bar = null;

        beforeEach(function() {
            foo = {
                setBar: function(value) {
                    bar = value;
                }
            };
            spyOn(foo, "setBar");
        });

        //.calls.any(): 被Spy的函数一旦被调用过，则返回true，否则为false；
        it("tracks if it was called at all", function() {
            expect(foo.setBar.calls.any()).toEqual(false);
            foo.setBar();
            expect(foo.setBar.calls.any()).toEqual(true);
        });

        //.calls.count(): 返回被Spy的函数的被调用次数；
        it("tracks the number of times it was called", function() {
            expect(foo.setBar.calls.count()).toEqual(0);
            foo.setBar();
            foo.setBar();
            expect(foo.setBar.calls.count()).toEqual(2);
        });

        //.calls.argsFor(index): 返回被Spy的函数的调用参数，以index来指定参数；
        it("tracks the arguments of each call", function() {
            foo.setBar(123);
            foo.setBar(456, "baz");
            expect(foo.setBar.calls.argsFor(0)).toEqual([123]);
            expect(foo.setBar.calls.argsFor(1)).toEqual([456, "baz"]);
        });

        //.calls.allArgs():返回被Spy的函数的所有调用参数；
        it("tracks the arguments of all calls", function() {
            foo.setBar(123);
            foo.setBar(456, "baz");
            expect(foo.setBar.calls.allArgs()).toEqual([[123],[456, "baz"]]);
        });

        //.calls.all(): 返回calls的上下文，这将返回当前calls的整个实例数据；
        it("can provide the context and arguments to all calls", function() {
            foo.setBar(123);
            expect(foo.setBar.calls.all()).toEqual([{object: foo, args: [123], returnValue: undefined}]);
        });

        //.calls.mostRecent(): 返回calls中追踪的最近一次的请求数据；
        it("has a shortcut to the most recent call", function() {
            foo.setBar(123);
            foo.setBar(456, "baz");
            expect(foo.setBar.calls.mostRecent()).toEqual({object: foo, args: [456, "baz"], returnValue: undefined});
        });

        //.calls.first(): 返回calls中追踪的第一次请求的数据；
        it("has a shortcut to the first call", function() {
            foo.setBar(123);
            foo.setBar(456, "baz");
            expect(foo.setBar.calls.first()).toEqual({object: foo, args: [123], returnValue: undefined});
        });

        //.object: 当调用all()，mostRecent()，first()方法时，返回对象的object属性返回的是当前上下文对象；
        it("tracks the context", function() {
            var spy = jasmine.createSpy("spy");
            var baz = {
                fn: spy
            };
            var quux = {
                fn: spy
            };
            baz.fn(123);
            quux.fn(456);
            expect(spy.calls.first().object).toBe(baz);
            expect(spy.calls.mostRecent().object).toBe(quux);
        });

        //.calls.reset(): 重置Spy的所有追踪数据；
        it("can be reset", function() {
            foo.setBar(123);
            foo.setBar(456, "baz");
            expect(foo.setBar.calls.any()).toBe(true);
            foo.setBar.calls.reset();
            expect(foo.setBar.calls.any()).toBe(false);
        });
    });

    /*
     jasmine.createSpy()
    * 假如没有函数可以追踪，我们可以自己创建一个空的Spy。
    * 创建后的Spy功能与其他的Spy一样：跟踪调用、参数等，但该Spy没有实际的代码实现，这种方式经常会用在对JavaScript中的对象的测试。
    * */
    describe("A spy, when created manually", function() {
        var whatAmI;

        beforeEach(function() {
            whatAmI = jasmine.createSpy("whatAmI");
            whatAmI("I", "am", "a", "spy");
        });

        it("is named, which helps in error reporting", function() {
            expect(whatAmI.and.identity()).toEqual("whatAmI");
        });

        it("tracks that the spy was called", function() {
            expect(whatAmI).toHaveBeenCalled();
        });

        it("tracks its number of calls", function() {
            expect(whatAmI.calls.count()).toEqual(1);
        });

        it("tracks all the arguments of its calls", function() {
            expect(whatAmI).toHaveBeenCalledWith("I", "am", "a", "spy");
        });

        it("allows access to the most recent call", function() {
            expect(whatAmI.calls.mostRecent().args[0]).toEqual("I");
        });
    });

    /*
     jasmine.createSpyObj()
     * 如果需要spy模拟多个函数调用，可以向jasmine.createSpyObj中传入一个字符串数组，它将返回一个对象，
     * 你所传入的所有字符串都将对应一个属性，每个属性即为一个Spy。
     * */
    describe("Multiple spies, when created manually", function() {
        var tape;

        beforeEach(function() {
            tape = jasmine.createSpyObj('tape', ['play', 'pause', 'stop', 'rewind']);
            tape.play();
            tape.pause();
            tape.rewind(0);
        });

        it("creates spies for each requested function", function() {
            expect(tape.play).toBeDefined();
            expect(tape.pause).toBeDefined();
            expect(tape.stop).toBeDefined();
            expect(tape.rewind).toBeDefined();
        });

        it("tracks that the spies were called", function() {
            expect(tape.play).toHaveBeenCalled();
            expect(tape.pause).toHaveBeenCalled();
            expect(tape.rewind).toHaveBeenCalled();
            expect(tape.stop).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
        });

        it("tracks all the arguments of its calls", function() {
            expect(tape.rewind).toHaveBeenCalledWith(0);
        });
    });

    /*
    *  jasmine.any()
    * 以构造器或者类名作为参数，Jasmine将判断期望值和真实值的构造器是否相同，若相同则返回true。
    * */
    describe("jasmine.any", function() {
        it("matches any value", function() {
            expect({}).toEqual(jasmine.any(Object));
            expect(12).toEqual(jasmine.any(Number));
        });

        describe("when used with a spy", function() {
            it("is useful for comparing arguments", function() {
                var foo = jasmine.createSpy("foo");
                foo(12, function() {
                    return true;
                });
                expect(foo).toHaveBeenCalledWith(jasmine.any(Number), jasmine.any(Function));
            });
        });
    });

    /*
    * jasmine.anything()
    * 判断只要不是null或undefined的值，若不是则返回true。
    * */
    describe("jasmine.anything", function() {
        it("matches anything", function() {
            expect(1).toEqual(jasmine.anything());
        });

        describe("when used with a spy", function() {
            it("is useful when the argument can be ignored", function() {
                var foo = jasmine.createSpy('foo');
                foo(12, function() {
                    return false;
                });
                expect(foo).toHaveBeenCalledWith(12, jasmine.anything());
            });
        });
    });

    /*
    * jasmine.objectContaining()
    * 用来判断对象中是否存在指定的键值属性对。
    * */
    describe("jasmine.objectContaining", function() {
        var foo;

        beforeEach(function() {
            foo = {
                a: 1,
                b: 2,
                bar: "baz"
            };
        });

        it("matches objects with the expect key/value pairs", function() {
            expect(foo).toEqual(jasmine.objectContaining({
                bar: "baz"
            }));
            expect(foo).not.toEqual(jasmine.objectContaining({
                c: 37
            }));
        });

        describe("when used with a spy", function() {
            it("is useful for comparing arguments", function() {
                var callback = jasmine.createSpy("callback");
                callback({
                    bar: "baz"
                });
                expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledWith(jasmine.objectContaining({
                    bar: "baz"
                }));
                expect(callback).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(jasmine.objectContaining({
                    c: 37
                }));
            });
        });
    });

    /*
    * jasmine.arrayContaining()
    * 可以用来判断数组中是否有期望的值。
    * */
    describe("jasmine.arrayContaining", function() {
        var foo;

        beforeEach(function() {
            foo = [1, 2, 3, 4];
        });

        it("matches arrays with some of the values", function() {
            expect(foo).toEqual(jasmine.arrayContaining([3, 1]));  // 直接在期望值中使用jasmine.arrayContaining达到目的
            expect(foo).not.toEqual(jasmine.arrayContaining([6]));
        });

        describe("when used with a spy", function() {
            it("is useful when comparing arguments", function() {
                var callback = jasmine.createSpy("callback"); // 创建一个空的Spy
                callback([1, 2, 3, 4]); // 将数组内容作为参数传入Spy中
                expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledWith(jasmine.arrayContaining([4, 2, 3]));
                expect(callback).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(jasmine.arrayContaining([5, 2]));
            });
        });
    });

    /*
    * jasmine.stringMatching()
    * 用来模糊匹配字符串，在jasmine.stringMatching中也可以使用正则表达式进行匹配，使用起来非常灵活。
    * */
    describe("jasmine.stringMatching", function() {
        it("matches as a regexp", function() {
            expect({foo: "bar"}).toEqual({foo: jasmine.stringMatching(/^bar$/)});
            expect({foo: "foobarbaz"}).toEqual({foo: jasmine.stringMatching("bar")});
        });

        describe("when used with a spy", function() {
            it("is useful for comparing arguments", function() {
                var callback = jasmine.createSpy("callback");
                callback("foobarbaz");
                expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledWith(jasmine.stringMatching("bar"));
                expect(callback).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(jasmine.stringMatching(/^bar$/));
            });
        });
    });

    /*
    * 不规则匹配（自定义匹配）：asymmetricMatch
    * 某些场景下，我们希望能按照自己设计的规则进行匹配，此时我们可以自定义一个对象，该对象只要包含一个名为asymmetricMatch的方法即可。
    * */
    describe("custom asymmetry", function() {
        var tester = {
            asymmetricMatch: function(actual) {
                var secondValue = actual.split(",")[1];
                return secondValue === "bar";
            }
        };

        it("dives in deep", function() {
            expect("foo,bar,baz,quux").toEqual(tester);
        });

        describe("when used with a spy", function() {
            it("is useful for comparing arguments", function() {
                var callback = jasmine.createSpy("callback");
                callback("foo,bar,baz");
                expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledWith(tester);
            });
        });
    });

    /*
    * jasmine.clock()用来模拟操纵时间。
    * 要想使用jasmine.clock()，先调用jasmine.clock().install告诉Jasmine你想要在spec或者suite操作时间，当你不需要使用时，务必调用jasmine.clock().uninstall来恢复时间状态。
    *
    * 示例中使用jasmine.clock().tick(milliseconds)来控制时间前进，本例中出现了三种时间控制方式：
    * setTimeout: 定期执行一次，当jasmine.clock().tick()的时间超过了timeout设置的时间时触发
    * setInterval: 定期循环执行，每当jasmine.clock().tick()的时间超过了timeout设置的时间时触发
    * mockDate: 模拟一个指定日期（当不提供基准时间参数时，以当前时间为基准时间）
    * */
    describe("Manually ticking the Jasmine Clock", function() {
        var timerCallback;

        beforeEach(function() {
            timerCallback = jasmine.createSpy("timerCallback");
            jasmine.clock().install();
        });

        afterEach(function() {
            jasmine.clock().uninstall();
        });

        it("causes a timeout to be called synchronously", function() {
            setTimeout(function() {
                timerCallback();
            }, 100);
            expect(timerCallback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
            jasmine.clock().tick(101);
            expect(timerCallback).toHaveBeenCalled();
        });

        it("causes an interval to be called synchronously", function() {
            setInterval(function() {
                timerCallback();
            }, 100);
            expect(timerCallback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
            jasmine.clock().tick(101);
            expect(timerCallback.calls.count()).toEqual(1);
            jasmine.clock().tick(50);
            expect(timerCallback.calls.count()).toEqual(1);
            jasmine.clock().tick(50);
            expect(timerCallback.calls.count()).toEqual(2);
        });

        describe("Mocking the Date object", function(){
            it("mocks the Date object and sets it to a given time", function() {
                var baseTime = new Date();
                jasmine.clock().mockDate(baseTime);
                jasmine.clock().tick(50);
                expect(new Date().getTime()).toEqual(baseTime.getTime() + 50);
            });
        });
    });

    /*
    * Jasmine可以支持spec中执行异步操作。
    * 当调用beforeEach, it和afterEach时，函数可以包含一个可选参数done，当spec执行完毕之后，调用done通知Jasmine异步操作已执行完毕。
    *
    * 另外补充一点，如果需要设置全局的默认超时时间，可以设置jasmine.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_INTERVAL的值，
    * 当异步执行时间超过设置的执行超时时间js将会报错。
    * */
    describe("Asynchronous specs", function() {
        var value;

        beforeEach(function(done) {
            setTimeout(function() {
                value = 0;
                done();
            }, 1);
        });

        // 在上面beforeEach的done()被执行之前，这个测试用例不会被执行
        it("should support async execution of test preparation and expectations", function(done) {
            value++;
            expect(value).toBeGreaterThan(0);
            done(); // 执行完done()之后，该测试用例真正执行完成
        });

        // Jasmine异步执行超时时间默认为5秒，超过后将报错
        describe("long asynchronous specs", function() {
            var originalTimeout;

            beforeEach(function() {
                originalTimeout = jasmine.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_INTERVAL;
                // 设置全局的默认超时时间
                jasmine.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_INTERVAL = 6000;
            });

            it("takes a long time", function(done) {
                setTimeout(function() {
                    done();
                }, 4000);
            });

            // 如果要调整指定用例的默认的超时时间，可以在beforeEach，it和afterEach中传入一个时间参数
            //it("takes a long time for this spec", function(done) {
            //    setTimeout(function() {
            //        done();
            //    }, 6000);
            //}, 7000);

            afterEach(function() {
                jasmine.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_INTERVAL = originalTimeout;
            });
        });
    });
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