NPY and girls-HDU5145莫队算法

Time Limit:	8000/4000 MS (Java/Others)
Memory Limit:	32768/32768 K (Java/Others)

Problem Description

NPY’s girlfriend blew him out!His honey doesn’t love him any more!However, he has so many girlfriend candidates.Because there are too many girls and for the convenience of management, NPY numbered the girls from 1 to n.These girls are in different classes(some girls may be in the same class).And the i-th girl is in class ai.NPY wants to visit his girls frequently.Each time he visits some girls numbered consecutively from L to R in some order. He can only visit one girl every time he goes into a classroom,otherwise the girls may fight with each other(-_-!).And he can visit the class in any order.

Here comes the problem,(NPY doesn’t want to learn how to use excavator),he wonders how many different ways there can be in which he can visit his girls.The different ways are different means he visits these classrooms in different order.

Input

The first line contains the number of test cases T(1≤T≤10).

For each test case,there are two integers n,m(0 < n,m≤30000) in the first line.N is the number of girls,and M is the number of times that NPY want to visit his girls.

The following single line contains N integers, a1,a2,a3,…,an, which indicates the class number of each girl. (0< ai ≤30000)

The following m lines,each line contains two integers l,r(1≤l≤r≤n),which indicates the interval NPY wants to visit.

Output

For each visit,print how many ways can NPY visit his girls.Because the ans may be too large,print the ans mod 1000000007.

Sample Input

2

4 2

1 2 1 3

1 3

1 4

1 1

1

1 1

Sample Output

3

12

1

莫队算法处理区间查询问题，对于[L,R]区间中的组合所有的情况是（R-L+!）!/(num[i]!num[j]!….),所以可以根据[L,R]的情况来推其他的情况。

#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

typedef long long LL;

const int Max = 31000;

const int Mod =1e9+7; 

typedef struct node
{
    int l,r,Id;

    int L;

    bool operator < (const node &a)const
    {
        return L<a.L||(L==a.L&&r<a.r);
    }
}Node;

int a[Max];

Node s[Max];

LL ans[Max];

LL Inv[Max];

int num[Max];

LL  Pow(LL n,LL m)
{
    LL ans = 1;

    while(m)
    {
        if(m&1)
        {
            ans = (ans*n)%Mod;
        }

        n = (n*n)%Mod;

        m>>=1;
    }

    return ans;
}

void Init() // 求逆元
{
    for(int i = 0;i<=30000;i++)
    {
        Inv[i]  = Pow(i,Mod-2);

    }

}

int main()
{
    Init();

    int T;

    int n,m;

    scanf("%d",&T);

    while(T--)
    {
        memset(num,0,sizeof(num));

        scanf("%d %d",&n,&m);

        int k = sqrt(n);

        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        {
            scanf("%d",&a[i]);
        }
        for(int i=0;i<m;i++)
        {
            scanf("%d %d",&s[i].l,&s[i].r);

            s[i].L = s[i].l/k;

            s[i].Id = i;
        }

        sort(s,s+m);

        LL l=1,r=1;

        num[a[1]]++;

        LL res = 1;

        for(int i=0;i<m;i++)
        {
            while(r<s[i].r)
            {
                r++;

                num[a[r]]++;

                res = (((r-l+1)*res)%Mod*Inv[num[a[r]]])%Mod;

            }
            while(r>s[i].r)
            {

                res = ((res*num[a[r]])%Mod*Inv[r-l+1])%Mod;

                num[a[r]]--;

                r--;
            }

            while(l>s[i].l)
            {
                l--;

                num[a[l]]++;

                res = (((r-l+1)*res)%Mod*Inv[num[a[l]]])%Mod;

            }

            while(l<s[i].l)
            {
                res = ((res*num[a[l]])%Mod*Inv[r-l+1])%Mod;

                num[a[l]]--;

                l++;
            }

            ans[s[i].Id] = res;
        }
        for(int i=0;i<m;i++)
        {
            printf("%lld\n",ans[i]);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}