[安卓] 16、ListView和GridView结合显示单元实现自定义列表显示效果

List在各种手机应用中都有体现，是安卓UI设计的必修课。

本文将介绍在开发中如何利用ListView和GridView设计自定义列表。

下面分别是用ListView和GridView做的效果：

上面两个看似相差很大，但是其代码非常类似，主要有：

   

① 在页面中嵌入ListView或GridView:

ListView的activity_main.xml

 <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="match_parent"
     android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
     android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
     android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
     android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
     tools:context="com.beautifulzzzz.activity.MainActivity" >

     <ListView
         android:id="@+id/listView1"
                 android:layout_width="match_parent"
         android:layout_height="match_parent"
         android:padding="5dp" >

     </ListView>

 </RelativeLayout>

GridView的activity_main.xml

 <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="match_parent"
     android:background="@color/orange_red"
     android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
     android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
     android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
     android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
     tools:context="com.beautifulzzzz.activity.MainActivity" >

  <GridView
         android:id="@+id/gridView1"
         android:layout_width="match_parent"
         android:layout_height="match_parent"
         android:numColumns="3"
         android:padding="5dp" >
     </GridView>

 </RelativeLayout>

② 设计每个单元样式：

两个工程的item.xml一样，如果想定制不同的效果：如朋友圈列表那样的就要精心设计这个item了（不排除有其他方法）！

该item.xml布局显示效果就是上面一个图片，下面一个文字

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="match_parent"
     android:gravity="center"
     android:orientation="vertical"
     android:padding="22dp"
     android:background="@drawable/item_selector">

 <ImageView
     android:id="@+id/image"
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="50dp" />

 <TextView
     android:id="@+id/text"
     android:layout_width="wrap_content"
     android:layout_height="wrap_content"
     android:textColor="#ffffff"
     android:text="文字"
     />
 </LinearLayout>

③ 设计Adapter和监听事件：

两个代码很相似，下面红色的部分是将数据和item.xml中的元素绑定~class ItemClickListener implements OnItemClickListener是item点击监听事件类，在其内部调用.get(key)获得点击item中相应的元素值（是一种map的存储方式）。

ListView的MainActivity.java

 public class MainActivity extends Activity {

     private ListView lview;
     private List<Map<String, Object>> data_list;
     private SimpleAdapter sim_adapter;
     // ICON
     private int[] icon = { R.drawable.icon_01, R.drawable.icon_02,
             R.drawable.icon_03, R.drawable.icon_04, R.drawable.icon_05,
             R.drawable.icon_06, R.drawable.icon_07, R.drawable.icon_08,
             R.drawable.icon_09, R.drawable.icon_10, R.drawable.icon_11,
             R.drawable.icon_12, R.drawable.icon_13, R.drawable.icon_14 };
     private String[] iconName = { "ͨ茶叶", "汉堡", "肉", "香肠", "披萨", "虾", "水果", "鱼",
             "面包", "蟹", "鸡腿", "根茎蔬菜", "蛋糕", "酒" };

     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         this.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
         // this.getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN,
         // WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

         lview = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView1);
         data_list = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();

         getData();

27         String[] from = { "image", "text" };
28         int[] to = { R.id.image, R.id.text };
29         sim_adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this, data_list, R.layout.item, from,
30                 to);

         lview.setAdapter(sim_adapter);
         lview.setOnItemClickListener(new ItemClickListener());
     }

     public List<Map<String, Object>> getData() {
         for (int i = 0; i < icon.length; i++) {
             Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
             map.put("image", icon[i]);
             map.put("text", iconName[i]);
             data_list.add(map);
         }

         return data_list;
     }

     // 当AdapterView被单击(触摸屏或者键盘)，则返回的Item单击事件
     class ItemClickListener implements OnItemClickListener {
         public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0,// The AdapterView where the
                                                     // click happened
                 View arg1,// The view within the AdapterView that was clicked
                 int arg2,// The position of the view in the adapter
                 long arg3// The row id of the item that was clicked
         ) {
             // 在本例中arg2=arg3
             HashMap<String, Object> item = (HashMap<String, Object>) arg0
                     .getItemAtPosition(arg2);
             // 显示所选Item的ItemText
             setTitle((String) item.get("text"));// the item is map,you can
                                                 // seethe function getData,if
                                                 // want get the value, just use
                                                 // .get(key) to get the value
         }
     }
 }

GridView的MainActivity.java

 public class MainActivity extends Activity {

     private GridView gview;
     private List<Map<String, Object>> data_list;
     private SimpleAdapter sim_adapter;
     // ICON
     private int[] icon = { R.drawable.icon_01, R.drawable.icon_02,
             R.drawable.icon_03, R.drawable.icon_04, R.drawable.icon_05,
             R.drawable.icon_06, R.drawable.icon_07, R.drawable.icon_08,
             R.drawable.icon_09, R.drawable.icon_10, R.drawable.icon_11,
             R.drawable.icon_12, R.drawable.icon_13, R.drawable.icon_14 };
     private String[] iconName = { "ͨ茶叶", "汉堡", "肉", "香肠", "披萨", "虾", "水果", "鱼",
             "面包", "蟹", "鸡腿", "根茎蔬菜", "蛋糕", "酒" };

     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         this.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
         // this.getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN,
         // WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

         gview = (GridView) findViewById(R.id.gridView1);
         data_list = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();

         getData();

27         String[] from = { "image", "text" };
28         int[] to = { R.id.image, R.id.text };
29         sim_adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this, data_list, R.layout.item, from,
30                 to);

         gview.setAdapter(sim_adapter);
         gview.setOnItemClickListener(new ItemClickListener());
     }

     public List<Map<String, Object>> getData() {
         for (int i = 0; i < icon.length; i++) {
             Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
             map.put("image", icon[i]);
             map.put("text", iconName[i]);
             data_list.add(map);
         }

         return data_list;
     }

     // 当AdapterView被单击(触摸屏或者键盘)，则返回的Item单击事件
     class ItemClickListener implements OnItemClickListener {
         public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0,// The AdapterView where the
                                                     // click happened
                 View arg1,// The view within the AdapterView that was clicked
                 int arg2,// The position of the view in the adapter
                 long arg3// The row id of the item that was clicked
         ) {
             // 在本例中arg2=arg3
             HashMap<String, Object> item = (HashMap<String, Object>) arg0
                     .getItemAtPosition(arg2);
             // 显示所选Item的ItemText
             setTitle((String) item.get("text"));// the item is map,you can
                                                 // seethe function getData,if
                                                 // want get the value, just use
                                                 // .get(key) to get the value
         }
     }
 }

在研究上面问题过程中记录了几个有用的链接：

1、安卓 GridView item均匀分布：http://zhidao.baidu.com/link?url=XphquqnT6InmtaovIy9XqfRNEaQqzE8JCvqsVN8H46Fb_aXCALxbADzotyMCNreQDiqC6i0Is1WUI5twCQfl6V1BkvbbW1RrzZoGHOSeNoq

2、Android API 中文（15） —— GridView：http://www.cnblogs.com/over140/archive/2010/10/19/1855366.html

3、gridview中的OnItemClickListener事件触发问题！！！

4、Android应用开发笔记(10)：制作自定义背景Button按钮、自定义形状Button的全攻略

5、android selector(如对TextView点击样式改变) - perfect亮：http://www.cnblogs.com/liangstudyhome/p/3695305.html

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• 上面工程中点击item的点击效果被我重新定义过了，具体用了第5点链接中说的selector:
  • 在item.xml的第8行：android:background="@drawable/item_selector"
  • 在drawable文件夹内新建item_selector.xml

  •  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
     <selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
         <item android:state_pressed="true"
             android:drawable="@color/orange_red_shen" />
         <item android:state_focused="true"
             android:drawable="@color/orange_red_shen" />
         <item android:drawable="@color/orange_red" />
     </selector>

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上述两个工程的源码：

GridView工程：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1sjQlRCp

ListView工程：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1i3zxUj7

@beautifulzzzz

  2015-11-10 持续更新中~