linux磁盘分区格式化-fdisk命令工具

本文主要讲述使用fdisk工具对磁盘进行分区和格式化的方法

首先要明确分区是针对磁盘进行的操做，磁盘分区会创建分区表，类似vda，sda的是磁盘，vda1，sda1的是分区

1.查看磁盘分区状态

1.1. 查看分区挂载情况

df -h

1.2.查看服务器挂载的磁盘

fdisk -l
fdisk -l /dev/vdb

2.磁盘分区

2.1.对vdb磁盘进行分区

fdisk /dev/vdb

进入交互式的分区界面，以下是分区操作步骤

m打印菜单
n新建分区
    p选择主分区
    e选择扩展分区
        1选择分区号
            选择初始位置，默认为1
            选择结束为止，默认为磁盘结尾

分区创建完成，可以列表查看，保存退出

p打印分区表
w写入分区表保存
q退出

2.2.重新载入磁盘分区信息

无返回就是载入磁盘信息成功，针对磁盘进行操作

partprobe /dev/vdb

注意：
使用fdisk工具只是将分区信息写到磁盘，
在格式化分区值前需要使用partprobe让kernel重新读取分区信息，如果不成功则需要重启系统

2.3.对磁盘分区进行格式化

使用ext4文件系统

mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1

2.4.格式化完成后续优化配置，取消磁盘自检

tune2fs -c - /dev/vdb1 

3.分区挂载

3.1.挂载磁盘分区到指定目录

mkdir -p /data
mount /dev/vdb1 /data

3.2.配置开机自动挂载分区

/etc/fstab 增加一行

vim /etc/fstab
-------------------------------------------------------
/dev/vdb1               /data                   ext4    defaults
-------------------------------------------------------

5.实例演示：使用Ubuntu系统进行磁盘分区操作

5.1.查看磁盘分区信息

root@zstest:~# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            .9G       .9G   % /dev
tmpfs           .6G  3.2M  .6G   % /run
/dev/vda1        50G  .7G   41G  % /
tmpfs           .9G       .9G   % /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M       5.0M   % /run/lock
tmpfs           .9G       .9G   % /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs           .6G       .6G   % /run/user/

5.2.列表查看磁盘信息

root@zstest:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda:  GiB,  bytes,  sectors
Units: sectors of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd6804155

Device     Boot Start       End   Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vda1  *         50G  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb:  GiB,  bytes,  sectors
Units: sectors of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes

5.3.对磁盘vdb进行分区

root@zstest:~# fdisk /dev/vdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x63c3e6e0.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary ( primary,  extended,  free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (-, default ):
First sector (-, default ):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (-, default ): 

Created a new partition  of type 'Linux' and of size  GiB.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

5.4.查看分区信息

root@zstest:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda:  GiB,  bytes,  sectors
Units: sectors of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd6804155

Device     Boot Start       End   Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vda1  *         50G  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb:  GiB,  bytes,  sectors
Units: sectors of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x63c3e6e0

Device     Boot Start       End   Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vdb1            50G  Linux

5.5.重新载入磁盘分区信息

root@zstest:~# partprobe /dev/vdb

5.6.对指定磁盘分区进行格式化，使用ext4文件系统

root@zstest:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.42. (-May-)
Creating filesystem with  4k blocks and  inodes
Filesystem UUID: 047fb8b0-e6ed-42db-bf5c-2a6d388fc34d
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        , , , , , , , , ,
        , , 

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal ( blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every  mounts or
 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

5.7.根据提示进行操作，取消磁盘自检

root@zstest:~# tune2fs -c - /dev/vdb1
tune2fs 1.42. (-May-)
Setting maximal mount count to -

5.8.挂载分区到指定目录

mkdir -p /data
mount /dev/vdb1 /data

5.9.配置开机自动挂载分区

vim /etc/fstab
-------------------------------------------------------
# made by tssc
/dev/vdb1               /data                   ext4    defaults
-------------------------------------------------------

完毕，呵呵呵呵