框架----Django之Form提交验证（二）

一、Form提交验证之（学生表、老师表、班级表）的添加和编辑实现案例

1. 浏览器访问

http://127.0.0.1:8000/student_list/

http://127.0.0.1:8000/teacher_list/

http://127.0.0.1:8000/class_list/

2. models

 from django.db import models

 class Classes(models.Model):
     title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

 class Student(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
     email = models.CharField(max_length=32)
     age = models.IntegerField()
     cls = models.ForeignKey('Classes')

 class Teacher(models.Model):
     tname = models.CharField(max_length=32)
     c2t = models.ManyToManyField('Classes')

models

3. urls

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^class_list/', views.class_list),
    url(r'^add_class/', views.add_class),
    url(r'^edit_class/(\d+)/', views.edit_class),

    url(r'^student_list/', views.student_list),
    url(r'^add_student/', views.add_student),
    url(r'^edit_student/(\d+)/', views.edit_student),

    url(r'^teacher_list/', views.teacher_list),
    url(r'^add_teacher/', views.add_teacher),
    url(r'^edit_teacher/(\d+)/', views.edit_teacher),

    url(r'^test/', views.test),
]

4. views

 from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
 from app01 import models
 from django.forms import Form
 from django.forms import fields
 from django.forms import widgets

 # **************************班级信息**************************
 class ClassForm(Form):
     title = fields.RegexField('全栈\d+')

 def class_list(request):
     cls_list = models.Classes.objects.all()
     return render(request,'class_list.html',{'cls_list':cls_list})

 def add_class(request):
     if request.method == "GET":
         obj = ClassForm()
         return render(request,'add_class.html',{'obj': obj})
     else:
         obj = ClassForm(request.POST)
         if obj.is_valid():
             # obj.cleaned_data # 字典
             # 数据库创建一条数据
             # print(obj.cleaned_data)
             # models.Classes.objects.create(title=obj.cleaned_data['tt'])

             models.Classes.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data)
             return redirect('/class_list/')
         return render(request,'add_class.html',{'obj': obj})

 def edit_class(request,nid):
     if request.method == "GET":
         row = models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
         # 让页面显示初始值
         # obj = ClassForm(data={'title': 'asdfasdfasdfas'})
         obj = ClassForm(initial={'title': row.title})
         return render(request,'edit_class.html',{'nid': nid,'obj':obj})
     else:
         obj = ClassForm(request.POST)
         if obj.is_valid():
             models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data)
             return redirect('/class_list/')
         return render(request,'edit_class.html',{'nid': nid,'obj':obj})

 # **************************学生信息**************************
 class StudentForm(Form):
     name = fields.CharField(
         min_length=2,
         max_length=6,
         widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
     )
     email = fields.EmailField(widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
     age = fields.IntegerField(min_value=18,max_value=25,widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
     cls_id = fields.IntegerField(
         # widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(1,'上海'),(2,'北京')])
         #widgets 定义生成的标签类型           select下来菜单标签从数据库取值时使用values_list
         widget=widgets.Select(choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title'),attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
     )

 def student_list(request):
     stu_list = models.Student.objects.all()
     return render(request,'student_list.html',{'stu_list':stu_list})

 def add_student(request):
     if request.method == "GET":
         obj = StudentForm()
         return render(request,'add_student.html',{'obj':obj})
     else:
         obj = StudentForm(request.POST)
         if obj.is_valid():
             models.Student.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data)
             return redirect('/student_list/')
         return render(request,'add_student.html',{'obj':obj})

 def edit_student(request,nid):
     if request.method == "GET":
         row = models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).values('name','email','age','cls_id').first()
         obj = StudentForm(initial=row)    #initial  只有HTML标签
         return render(request,'edit_student.html',{'nid':nid,'obj': obj})
     else:
         obj = StudentForm(request.POST)
         if obj.is_valid():
             models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data)
             return redirect('/student_list/')
         return render(request,'edit_student.html',{'nid':nid,'obj': obj})

 # **************************老师信息**************************
 from django.forms import models as form_model  # 导入这个models as form_model 模块
 class TeacherForm(Form):
     tname = fields.CharField(min_length=2)

     # xx = form_model.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=models.Classes.objects.all())

     xx = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
         # choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title'),     # 写了下面的那个BUG解决这条就不用写
         widget=widgets.SelectMultiple
     )
     def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):                  # 解决刷新无法动态显示数据库内容的BUG
         super(TeacherForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
         self.fields['xx'].choices = models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title')

 def teacher_list(request):
     tea_list = models.Teacher.objects.all()
     return render(request,'teacher_list.html',{'tea_list':tea_list})

 def add_teacher(request):
     if request.method == 'GET':
         obj = TeacherForm()
         return render(request,'add_teacher.html',{'obj':obj})
     else:
         obj = TeacherForm(request.POST)
         if obj.is_valid():
             xx = obj.cleaned_data.pop('xx')     #  pop 剔除，去掉
             row = models.Teacher.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data)
             row.c2t.add(*xx)   #[1,2]
             return redirect('/teacher_list/')
         return render(request,'add_teacher.html',{'obj':obj})

 def edit_teacher(request,nid):
     if request.method == 'GET':
         row = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
         class_ids = row.c2t.values_list('id')
         # print(class_ids)
         # id_list = []
         id_list = list(zip(*class_ids))[0] if list(zip(*class_ids)) else []   # 这是个三元表达式  if 后面的如果为真就执行if前面的，否则就执行else后面的------zip是python内置函数
         # obj = TeacherForm(initial={'tname':row.tname,'xx':[1,2,3]})
         obj = TeacherForm(initial={'tname': row.tname, 'xx': id_list})          # initial 初始值（也就是默认值，这里要编辑的对象输入框内要有默认的老师，select下拉框内要有默认的任教班级）
         return render(request,'edit_teacher.html',{'obj':obj,'nid':nid})
     else:
         obj = TeacherForm(request.POST)
         if obj.is_valid():
             xx = obj.cleaned_data.pop('xx')  # pop 剔除，去掉
             row = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data)
             row.c2t.add(*xx)
             return redirect('/teacher_list/')
         return render(request, 'edit_teacher.html', {'obj': obj})

 # **************************测试**************************
 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

 class TestForm(Form):
     user = fields.CharField(validators=[])
     pwd = fields.CharField()

     def clean_user(self):
         v = self.cleaned_data['user']
         if models.Student.objects.filter(name=v).count():
             raise ValidationError('用户名已经存在')
         return self.cleaned_data['user']

     def clean_pwd(self):
         return self.cleaned_data['pwd']

     def clean(self):
         # user = self.cleaned_data.get('user')
         # email = self.cleaned_data.get('email')
         # if models.Student.objects.filter(user=user,email=email).count():
         #     raise ValidationError('用户名和邮箱联合已经存在')
         return self.cleaned_data

         # def _post_clean(self):
         #     """
         #     An internal hook for performing additional cleaning after form cleaning
         #     is complete. Used for model validation in model forms.
         #     """
         #     pass

 def test(request):
     obj = TestForm(initial={'t3':[2,3]})     #默认值为2,3
     obj.is_valid()
     return render(request,'test.html',{'obj':obj})

views

5. templates

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <title></title>
 </head>
 <body>
     <h1>学生列表</h1>
     <a href="/add_student/">添加</a>
     <ul>
         {% for row in stu_list %}
             <li>
                 {{ row.name }}-{{ row.email }}-{{ row.age }}-{{ row.cls_id }}-{{ row.cls.title }}
                 <a href="/edit_student/{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a>
             </li>
         {% endfor %}
     </ul>
 </body>
 </html>

student_list.html

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <title></title>
 </head>
 <body>
     <h1>老师列表</h1>
     <div>
         <a href="/add_teacher/">添加</a>
     </div>
     <table border="1">
         <thead>
             <tr>
                 <th>ID</th>
                 <th>老师姓名</th>
                 <th>任教班级</th>
             </tr>
         </thead>
         <tbody>
             {% for row in tea_list %}
                 <tr>
                     <td>{{ row.id }}</td>
                     <td>{{ row.tname }}</td>
                     <td>
                         {% for row in row.c2t.all %}
                             {{ row.title }}
                         {% endfor %}
                     </td>
                     <td>
                         <a href="/edit_teacher/{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a>
                     </td>
                 </tr>
             {% endfor %}
         </tbody>
     </table>
 </body>
 </html>

teacher_list.html

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <title></title>
 </head>
 <body>
     <h1>班级列表</h1>
     <div>
         <a href="/add_class/">添加</a>
     </div>
     <ul>
         {% for row in cls_list %}
             <li>{{ row.title }} <a href="/edit_class/{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a>  </li>
         {% endfor %}
     </ul>
 </body>
 </html>

class_list.html

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <title></title>
 </head>
 <body>
     <h1>添加学生</h1>
     <form action="/add_student/" method="POST">
         {% csrf_token %}
         <p>
             {{ obj.name }}
         </p>
         <p>
             {{ obj.email }}
         </p>
         <p>
             {{ obj.age }}
         </p>
         <p>
             {{ obj.cls_id }}
         </p>
         <input type="submit" value="提交" />
     </form>
 </body>
 </html>

add_student.html

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <title></title>
 </head>
 <body>
     <form method="POST" action="/add_teacher/">
         {% csrf_token %}
         <p>
             姓名:{{ obj.tname }}
         </p>
         <p>
             班级：{{ obj.xx }}
         </p>
         <input type="submit" value="提交">
     </form>
 </body>
 </html>

add_teacher.html

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <title></title>
 </head>
 <body>
     <h1>添加班级</h1>
     <form method="POST" action="/add_class/" novalidate>
         {% csrf_token %}
         {{ obj.title }} {{ obj.errors.title.0 }}
         <input type="submit" value="提交" />
     </form>
 </body>
 </html>

add_class.html

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <title></title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap-theme.css"/>
 </head>
 <body>
     <div style="width: 500px;margin: 0 auto;">
         <form class="form-horizontal" method="POST" action="/edit_student/{{ nid }}/">
             {% csrf_token %}
             <div class="form-group">
                 <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名：</label>

                 <div class="col-sm-10">
                     {{ obj.name }}
                 </div>
             </div>
             <div class="form-group">
                 <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">邮箱：</label>

                 <div class="col-sm-10">
                     {{ obj.email }}
                 </div>
             </div>
              <div class="form-group">
                 <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">年龄：</label>

                 <div class="col-sm-10">
                     {{ obj.age }}
                 </div>
             </div>
              <div class="form-group">
                 <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">班级：</label>

                 <div class="col-sm-10">
                     {{ obj.cls_id }}
                 </div>
             </div>
             <div class="form-group">
                 <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
                     <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default" value="提交" />
                 </div>
             </div>
         </form>
     </div>
 </body>
 </html>

edit_student.html

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <title></title>
 </head>
 <body>
     <h1>编辑老师</h1>
     <form method="POST" action="/edit_teacher/{{ nid }}/">
         {% csrf_token %}
         {{ obj.tname }}
         {{ obj.xx }}
         <input type="submit" value="提交">
     </form>
 </body>
 </html>

edit_teacher.html

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <title></title>
 </head>
 <body>
     <h1>编辑班级</h1>
     <form method="POST" action="/edit_class/{{ nid }}/">
         {% csrf_token %}
         <p>
             {{ obj.title }} {{ obj.errors.title.0 }}
         </p>
         <input type='submit' value="提交" />
     </form>
 </body>
 </html>

edit_class.html

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <title></title>
 </head>
 <body>
         {{ obj.t1 }}
         {{ obj.t2 }}
         {{ obj.t3 }}
         {{ obj.t4 }}
         {{ obj.t5 }}
 </body>
 </html>

test.html

6. 运行结果截图