webRequest封装

from requests.models import Response
import requests
import random
import time

class WebRequest(object):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    @property
    def user_agent(self):
        """
        return an User-Agent at random
        :return:
        """
        ua_list = [
            'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/30.0.1599.101',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.71',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71',
            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en; rv:1.8.1) Gecko/20061208 Firefox/2.0.0 Opera 9.50',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:34.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/34.0',
        ]
        return random.choice(ua_list)

    @property
    def header(self):
        """
        basic header
        :return:
        """
        return {'User-Agent': self.user_agent,
                'Accept': '*/*',
                'Connection': 'keep-alive',
                'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8'}

    def get(self, url, header=None, retry_time=5, timeout=30,
            retry_interval=5, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        get method
        :param url: target url
        :param header: headers
        :param retry_time: retry time when network error
        :param timeout: network timeout
        :param retry_flag: if retry_flag in content. do retry
        :param retry_interval: retry interval(second)
        :param args:
        :param kwargs:
        :return:
        """
        headers = self.header
        if header and isinstance(header, dict):
            headers.update(header)
        while True:
            try:
                html = requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=timeout, **kwargs)
                return html
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)
                retry_time -= 1
                if retry_time <= 0:
                    # 多次请求失败
                    resp = Response()
                    resp.status_code = 200
                    return resp
                time.sleep(retry_interval)

　　

HTTPConnectionPool（host:XX）Max retries exceeded with url：

爬虫多次访问同一个网站一段时间后会出现错误 HTTPConnectionPool（host:XX）Max retries exceeded with url '<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at XXXX>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 99] Cannot assign requested address'
是因为在每次数据传输前客户端要和服务器建立TCP连接，为节省传输消耗，默认为keep-alive，即连接一次，传输多次，然而在多次访问后不能结束并回到连接池中，导致不能产生新的连接
headers中的Connection默认为keep-alive，
将header中的Connection一项置为close

headers = {

    'Connection': 'close',

}
ok