Java-IO之ByteArrayInputStream

ByteArrayInputStream是字节数组输入流，继承于InputStream。它包含了一个内部缓冲区，该缓冲区包含从流中读取的字节，其实内部缓冲区就是一个字节数组，而ByteArrayInputStream本质就是通过字节数组来实现的。

ByteArrayInputStream的主要函数列表：

public ByteArrayInputStream(byte buf[])
public ByteArrayInputStream(byte buf[], int offset, int length)
public synchronized int read()
public synchronized int read(byte b[], int off, int len)
public synchronized long skip(long n)
public synchronized int available()
public boolean markSupported()
public void mark(int readAheadLimit)
public synchronized void reset()
public void close()

ByteArrayInputStream示例代码：

public class Hello {

    private static final int LEN = 5;
    // 对应英文字母“abcddefghijklmnopqrsttuvwxyz”
    private static final byte[] ArrayLetters = {
    0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6A, 0x6B, 0x6C, 0x6D, 0x6E, 0x6F,
    0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7A
    };

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String tmp = new String(ArrayLetters);
        System.out.println("ArrayLetters="+tmp);

        tesByteArrayInputStream() ;
    }

    /**
     * ByteArrayInputStream的API测试函数
    */
    private static void tesByteArrayInputStream() {
        // 创建ByteArrayInputStream字节流，内容是ArrayLetters数组
        ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(ArrayLetters);

        // 从字节流中读取5个字节
        for (int i=0; i<LEN; i++) {
            // 若能继续读取下一个字节，则读取下一个字节
            if (bais.available() >= 0) {
            // 读取“字节流的下一个字节”
            int tmp = bais.read();
            System.out.printf("%d : 0x%s\n", i, Integer.toHexString(tmp));
        }
   }

    // 若“该字节流”不支持标记功能，则直接退出
    if (!bais.markSupported()) {
            System.out.println("make not supported!");
            return ;
    }

    // 标记“字节流中下一个被读取的位置”。即--标记“0x66”，因为因为前面已经读取了5个字节，所以下一个被读取的位置是第6个字节”
        // (01), ByteArrayInputStream类的mark(0)函数中的“参数0”是没有实际意义的。
    // (02), mark()与reset()是配套的，reset()会将“字节流中下一个被读取的位置”重置为“mark()中所保存的位置”
    bais.mark(0);

    // 跳过5个字节。跳过5个字节后，字节流中下一个被读取的值应该是“0x6B”。
    bais.skip(5);

    // 从字节流中读取5个数据。即读取“0x6B, 0x6C, 0x6D, 0x6E, 0x6F”
    byte[] buf = new byte[LEN];
    bais.read(buf, 0, LEN);
    // 将buf转换为String字符串。“0x6B, 0x6C, 0x6D, 0x6E, 0x6F”对应字符是“klmno”
    String str1 = new String(buf);
    System.out.printf("str1=%s\n", str1);

    // 重置“字节流”：即，将“字节流中下一个被读取的位置”重置到“mark()所标记的位置”，即0x66。
    bais.reset();
    // 从“重置后的字节流”中读取5个字节到buf中。即读取“0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6A”
    bais.read(buf, 0, LEN);
    // 将buf转换为String字符串。“0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6A”对应字符是“fghij”
    String str2 = new String(buf);
    System.out.printf("str2=%s\n", str2);
    }
}

运行结果：

ArrayLetters=abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

0 : 0x61

1 : 0x62

2 : 0x63

3 : 0x64

4 : 0x65

str1=klmno

str2=fghij

基于JDK8的ByteArrayInputStream类的源码分析：

public class ByteArrayInputStream extends InputStream {

    //一个字节数组
    protected byte buf[];

    /**
     * The index of the next character to read from the input stream buffer.
     * This value should always be nonnegative
     * and not larger than the value of <code>count</code>.
     * The next byte to be read from the input stream buffer
     * will be <code>buf[pos]</code>.
     */
    //从输人流缓冲区中读取下一个自负的index
    protected int pos;

    /**
     * The currently marked position in the stream.
     * ByteArrayInputStream objects are marked at position zero by
     * default when constructed.  They may be marked at another
     * position within the buffer by the <code>mark()</code> method.
     * The current buffer position is set to this point by the
     * <code>reset()</code> method.
     * <p>
    * If no mark has been set, then the value of mark is the offset
     * passed to the constructor (or 0 if the offset was not supplied).
     *
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    //用来标记在流中的当前位置
    protected int mark = 0;

    /**
     * The index one greater than the last valid character in the input
     * stream buffer.
     * This value should always be nonnegative
     * and not larger than the length of <code>buf</code>.
     * It  is one greater than the position of
     * the last byte within <code>buf</code> that
     * can ever be read  from the input stream buffer.
     */
    //下标，比输入流缓冲区中的最后一个有效字符大的
    protected int count;
    //创建一个以buf大小的ByteArrayInputStream
    public ByteArrayInputStream(byte buf[]) {
        this.buf = buf;
        this.pos = 0;
        this.count = buf.length;
    }

    /**
     * Creates <code>ByteArrayInputStream</code>
    * that uses <code>buf</code> as its
     * buffer array. The initial value of <code>pos</code>
    * is <code>offset</code> and the initial value
     * of <code>count</code> is the minimum of <code>offset+length</code>
    * and <code>buf.length</code>.
     * The buffer array is not copied. The buffer's mark is
     * set to the specified offset.
     *
     * @param   buf      the input buffer.
     * @param   offset   the offset in the buffer of the first byte to read.
     * @param   length   the maximum number of bytes to read from the buffer.
     */
    //创建一个ByteArrayInputStream，使用buf作为它的缓冲数组，初始位置是offset，初始值的大小为offset+length和length中的最小值
    public ByteArrayInputStream(byte buf[], int offset, int length) {
        this.buf = buf;
        this.pos = offset;
        this.count = Math.min(offset + length, buf.length);
        this.mark = offset;
    }

    /**
     * Reads the next byte of data from this input stream. The value
     * byte is returned as an <code>int</code> in the range
     * <code>0</code> to <code>255</code>. If no byte is available
     * because the end of the stream has been reached, the value
     * <code>-1</code> is returned.
     * <p>
    * This <code>read</code> method
     * cannot block.
     *
     * @return  the next byte of data, or <code>-1</code> if the end of the
     *          stream has been reached.
     */
    //从输人流中读取下一个字节数据，返回值为0到255，没有值返回-1
    public synchronized int read() {
        return (pos < count) ? (buf[pos++] & 0xff) : -1;
    }

    /**
     * Reads up to <code>len</code> bytes of data into an array of bytes
     * from this input stream.
     * If <code>pos</code> equals <code>count</code>,
     * then <code>-1</code> is returned to indicate
     * end of file. Otherwise, the  number <code>k</code>
    * of bytes read is equal to the smaller of
     * <code>len</code> and <code>count-pos</code>.
     * If <code>k</code> is positive, then bytes
     * <code>buf[pos]</code> through <code>buf[pos+k-1]</code>
    * are copied into <code>b[off]</code>  through
     * <code>b[off+k-1]</code> in the manner performed
     * by <code>System.arraycopy</code>. The
     * value <code>k</code> is added into <code>pos</code>
    * and <code>k</code> is returned.
     * <p>
    * This <code>read</code> method cannot block.
     *
     * @param   b     the buffer into which the data is read.
     * @param   off   the start offset in the destination array <code>b</code>
    * @param   len   the maximum number of bytes read.
     * @return  the total number of bytes read into the buffer, or
     *          <code>-1</code> if there is no more data because the end of
     *          the stream has been reached.
     * @exception  NullPointerException If <code>b</code> is <code>null</code>.
     * @exception  IndexOutOfBoundsException If <code>off</code> is negative,
     * <code>len</code> is negative, or <code>len</code> is greater than
     * <code>b.length - off</code>
    */
    //从输入流b读取len大小，初始位置为off
    public synchronized int read(byte b[], int off, int len) {
        if (b == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
        } else if (off < 0 || len < 0 || len > b.length - off) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
        }

        if (pos >= count) {
            return -1;
        }

        int avail = count - pos;
        if (len > avail) {
            len = avail;
        }
        if (len <= 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        System.arraycopy(buf, pos, b, off, len);
        pos += len;
        return len;
    }

    /**
     * Skips <code>n</code> bytes of input from this input stream. Fewer
     * bytes might be skipped if the end of the input stream is reached.
     * The actual number <code>k</code>
     * of bytes to be skipped is equal to the smaller
     * of <code>n</code> and  <code>count-pos</code>.
     * The value <code>k</code> is added into <code>pos</code>
     * and <code>k</code> is returned.
     *
     * @param   n   the number of bytes to be skipped.
     * @return  the actual number of bytes skipped.
     */
    //从输入流中跳过n字节
    public synchronized long skip(long n) {
        long k = count - pos;
        if (n < k) {
            k = n < 0 ? 0 : n;
        }

        pos += k;
        return k;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of remaining bytes that can be read (or skipped over)
     * from this input stream.
     * <p>
     * The value returned is <code>count - pos</code>,
     * which is the number of bytes remaining to be read from the input buffer.
     *
     * @return  the number of remaining bytes that can be read (or skipped
     *          over) from this input stream without blocking.
     */
    //返回从输入流中可以读取到的数据
    public synchronized int available() {
        return count - pos;
    }

    /**
     * Tests if this <code>InputStream</code> supports mark/reset. The
     * <code>markSupported</code> method of <code>ByteArrayInputStream</code>
     * always returns <code>true</code>.
     *
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    //是否支持标记
    public boolean markSupported() {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Set the current marked position in the stream.
     * ByteArrayInputStream objects are marked at position zero by
     * default when constructed.  They may be marked at another
     * position within the buffer by this method.
     * <p>
     * If no mark has been set, then the value of the mark is the
     * offset passed to the constructor (or 0 if the offset was not
     * supplied).
     *
     * <p> Note: The <code>readAheadLimit</code> for this class
     *  has no meaning.
     *
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    //设置当前的mark标记
    public void mark(int readAheadLimit) {
        mark = pos;
    }

    /**
     * Resets the buffer to the marked position.  The marked position
     * is 0 unless another position was marked or an offset was specified
     * in the constructor.
     */
    //重置buffer到mark位置
    public synchronized void reset() {
        pos = mark;
    }

    /**
     * Closing a <tt>ByteArrayInputStream</tt> has no effect. The methods in
     * this class can be called after the stream has been closed without
     * generating an <tt>IOException</tt>.
     */
    //关闭
    public void close() throws IOException {
    }

}