java后台设计简单的json数据接口，设置可跨域访问，前端ajax获取json数据

在开发的过程中，有时候我们需要设计一个数据接口。有时候呢，数据接口和Web服务器又不在一起，所以就有跨域访问的问题。

第一步：简单的设计一个数据接口。

数据接口，听起来高大上，其实呢就是一个简单的Serlvlet,在有get的请求的时候，返回我们要提供的数据就可以。现在JSON数据格式已经很普遍，因为很方便，所以我们做一个json数据的接口。直接看代码

先建立一个实体类，就是包装我们的数据的

bean/kapian.java

package bean;

public class kapian {

	//头像路进
	public String imgurl;

	public String getImgurl() {
		return imgurl;
	}

	public void setImgurl(String imgurl) {
		this.imgurl = imgurl;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getMoney() {
		return money;
	}

	public void setMoney(String money) {
		this.money = money;
	}

	public String getStyle() {
		return style;
	}

	public void setStyle(String style) {
		this.style = style;
	}

	public String getNum() {
		return num;
	}

	public void setNum(String num) {
		this.num = num;
	}

	public String getRevenue() {
		return revenue;
	}

	public void setRevenue(String revenue) {
		this.revenue = revenue;
	}

	public String getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	//名字
	public String name;

	//金额
	public String money;

	//交易风格
	public String style;

	//订阅人数
	public String num;

	//收益率
	public String revenue;

	//标记
	public String id;

	public kapian(String imgurl,String name,String money,String style,String num,String revenue,String id){

		this.imgurl=imgurl;
		this.name=name;
		this.money=money;
		this.style=style;
		this.num=num;
		this.revenue=revenue;
		this.id=id;
	}

}

Serlvet 类：

bean/message.java

package bean;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.json.JSONArray;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import bean.kapian;
import java.util.List; 

public class message extends HttpServlet {

	/**
	 * Constructor of the object.
	 */

	public message() {
		super();
	}

	/**
	 * Destruction of the servlet. <br>
	 */
	public void destroy() {
		super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
		// Put your code here
	}

	/**
	 * The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
	 *
	 * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
	 *
	 * @param request the request send by the client to the server
	 * @param response the response send by the server to the client
	 * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
	 * @throws IOException if an error occurred
	 */
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		 response.setHeader("Content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
		 response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");  

		List<kapian> li = new ArrayList<kapian>();

		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","陈永康","2345323","牛逼","10234323","200%","周"));
		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","唐露露","123143","稳健","1234234","190%","周"));
		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","宋豪杰","2345323","牛逼","10234323","200%","周"));
		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","小斌","2345323","牛逼","10234323","200%","周"));
		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","李研","2345323","厉害","234235","2000%","周"));

		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","陈永康","2345323","牛逼","10234323","200%","月"));
		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","唐露露","123143","稳健","1234234","190%","月"));
		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","宋豪杰","2345323","牛逼","10234323","200%","月"));
		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","小斌","2345323","牛逼","10234323","200%","月"));
		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","李研","2345323","厉害","234235","2000%","月"));

		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","陈永康","2345323","牛逼","10234323","200%","年"));
		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","唐露露","123143","稳健","1234234","190%","年"));
		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","宋豪杰","2345323","牛逼","10234323","200%","年"));
		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","小斌","2345323","牛逼","10234323","200%","年"));
		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","李研","2345323","厉害","234235","2000%","年"));

		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","陈永康","2345323","牛逼","10234323","200%","总"));
		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","唐露露","123143","稳健","1234234","190%","总"));
		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","宋豪杰","2345323","牛逼","10234323","200%","总"));
		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","小斌","2345323","牛逼","10234323","200%","总"));
		li.add(new kapian("1.jpg","李研","2345323","厉害","234235","2000%","总"));

		try{
		JSONArray json = new JSONArray();

		for(kapian a :li){
			JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
			obj.put("imgurl",a.getImgurl());
			obj.put("name",a.getName());
			obj.put("money",a.getMoney());
			obj.put("style",a.getStyle());
			obj.put("num",a.getNum());
			obj.put("revenue",a.getRevenue());
			obj.put("id",a.getId());

			json.put(obj);

		}
		JSONObject js =new JSONObject();

		response.getWriter().print(json.toString());    

		}

		catch(Exception e){
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

	}

	/**
	 * The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
	 *
	 * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post.
	 *
	 * @param request the request send by the client to the server
	 * @param response the response send by the server to the client
	 * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
	 * @throws IOException if an error occurred
	 */
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		response.setContentType("text/html");
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
		out.println("<HTML>");
		out.println("  <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
		out.println("  <BODY>");
		out.print("    This is ");
		out.print(this.getClass());
		out.println(", using the POST method");
		out.println("  </BODY>");
		out.println("</HTML>");
		out.flush();
		out.close();
	}

	/**
	 * Initialization of the servlet. <br>
	 *
	 * @throws ServletException if an error occurs
	 */
	public void init() throws ServletException {
		// Put your code here
	}

}

使用Json的时候，我们要导入JSON包,org.json包，可以网上下载

然后用将设计好的List转换成json格式

我们用到两个json对象，一个是JSONObject,一个是JSONArray。顾名思义，前者就是一个json对象，后者是一个json数组。

这里扩展一下：

最后我们用response.getWrite()和print(),返回数据。也可以用response.getOututStream.write()

write和print的区别

write()：仅支持输出字符类型数据，字符、字符数组、字符串等

   print()：可以将各种类型（包括Object）的数据通过默认编码转换成bytes字节形式，这些字节都通过write(int c)方法被输出

response.getWriter()和response.getOutputStream的区别：前者是字符流，后者是字节流

response.getOutputStream().write(data.getBytes("UTF-8"));

response.getWriter().write(data);

回到正题：

这是项目的文件接口，然后浏览器中输入

http://192.168.3.60:8089/Data/servlet/message

现在如果我们在另外一台电脑上使用ajax， 来获取数据

  $.ajax({
    	url:'http://localhost:8089/Data/servlet/message',
    	method:'get',
      dataType:'json',
    	success:function(data){

        $.each(data,function(i,term){

    		alert(term.name);
    		});
    	},
    	error:function(XMLHttpRequest,textStatus,errorThrown){

    		alert(XMLHttpRequest.status);
    		alert(XMLHttpRequest.readyState);
    		alert(textStatus);

    	}

    });

这个时候回到error的回调函数，XMLHtppRequset.status=0;readyState=0; 都是0。 0表示请求根本没有建立。这是因为，另一个电脑和我的数据接口

不在一个服务器上，当然，如果你在自己的电脑上写ajax也不可以，必须写到项目里，才可以访问。所以，跨域问题必须要解决。网上的办法很简单，

新建一个Filter类：

Filter是一个过滤器。对你设定的请求地址进行拦截，然后设置。

package Filter;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class HeaderFilter implements Filter
{
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException
 	{
	HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp; response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*"); //解决跨域访问报错
	response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST, PUT, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE");
	response.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "3600"); //设置过期时间
	response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept, client_id, uuid, Authorization");
	response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate"); // 支持HTTP 1.1.
	response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache"); // 支持HTTP 1.0. response.setHeader("Expires", "0");
	chain.doFilter(request, resp);
	}
	public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) {}
	public void destroy() {}
}

在web.xml中配置：

 <filter>
      <filter-name>HeaderFilter</filter-name>
      <filter-class>Filter.HeaderFilter</filter-class><!--你过滤器的包 -->
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
      <filter-name>HeaderFilter</filter-name>
      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern><!-- 你开放的接口前缀  -->
    </filter-mapping>

然后，ajax在任何地方就都可以访问了。

还有一点就是，ajax在处理json数据的时候：

有两种方式，一种数据格式不声明为json，直接是文本，然后传过来，需要解析一下，用eval() 或者JSON.parse()

还有一种，是声明为json,直接可以用

后端和前端，如果有一个声明为json,那么格式就是json.