Grammar01 语法七要素之一_词类

1 词类

1.1 词类表格

实词

名词 -> n. -> noun -> 给所有人和物命名的词。

动词 -> v. (vt. vi.) -> verb ( transitive verb、intransitive verb ) -> 表示动作和状态的词。

代词 -> pron. -> pronoun  -> 指代名词的词

形容词 -> adj. -> adjective -> 修饰名词的词

副词 -> adv. -> adverb -> 修饰形容词、动词、副词的词

数词 -> num. ->  numeral -> 表数量的词

虚词

介词 -> prep. -> preposition -> 表逻辑的词

连词 -> conj. -> conjunction -> 表示连接的词 - 并列、转折、递进

冠词 -> art. -> article -> 表示泛指、特指的词

感叹词 -> inter. -> interjection -> 表示语气的词

总结

实词才可以单独做句子成分，虚词不可以。

1.2 词类确定

No. 1: A genius is the person whorepeats the most times!

A genius is the person who repeats the most times!

[A genius]is the person (who repeats the mosttimes)!

A geniusis the person who repeats the most times!

天才就是这类人，他们做事情重复次数最多。

No. 2: God helps those who help themselves.

God helpsthose who help themselves.

[God] helps those (who help themselves).

God helpsthose who help themselves.

上帝帮助这些人，这些人会自己帮助自己。

上帝帮助会自己帮助自己的人。

自助者天助也。

No. 3: It is impossible to defeat a person who never givesup.

It is impossibleto defeat a person who never gives up.

[It] is impossible [to defeat a person (who never gives up)].

It isimpossible to defeat a person who never gives up.

不可能打败这类人，这类人绝不会放弃。

绝不放弃的人将不会被打败。

No. 4: If you don’t try, you will never succeed.

If youdon’t try, you will never succeed.

Ifyou don’t try, [you] willnever succeed.

If youdon’t try, you will never succeed.

如果你不尝试，你将永远不会成功。

No. 5: What you do today is what matters most.

What you do today is what matters most.

[What you do today]is what matters most.

What you do today is what matters most.