python3 - pop 接收邮件/ smtp 发送邮件

以下通过python3 实现接收和发送邮件，网上相关说明文档很多。请自己查阅，这里只写入代码，

# 实例：通过poplib 模块接收指定账号的邮件并进行解码处理，结果可视化。

#!/opt/python3/bin/python3
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
# Author: Yong

import smtplib
import email as pop_email
from email.parser import Parser
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import formataddr, parseaddr
from email.header import decode_header
import email, poplib, sys

# 接收邮件
def decode_str(s):
    '''进行消息解码'''
    value, charset = decode_header(s)[0]
    # decode_header()返回一个list，因为像Cc、Bcc这样的字段可能包含多个邮件地址，所以解析出来的会有多个元素。上面的代码我们偷了个懒，只取了第一个元素。
    if charset:
        value = value.decode(charset)
    return value

def guess_charset(msg):
    '''返回字符编码'''
    content_type = msg.get('Content-Type', '').lower()
    pos = content_type.find('charset=')
    if pos >= 0:
        charset = content_type[pos + 8:].strip()
        return charset

def pop_mail(pop_server, logname, logpwd):
    '''进行接收邮件'''
    tmp_list = []
    mail_file = open('mail.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
    pop_obj = poplib.POP3(pop_server, 110)
    try:
        pop_obj.user(logname)
        pop_obj.pass_(logpwd)
        status, mail_list, oct = pop_obj.list()
        for i in mail_list:  # 根据邮件索引ID，循环每一个邮件
            tmp_dict = {}  # 临时存储每一个邮件，格式{'From':'', 'To':'', 'Subject':'', 'content':''}
            content_list = pop_obj.retr(bytes.decode(i.split()[0]))  # 根据索引ID，提取邮件内容
            msg_content = '\n '.join([bytes.decode(text) for text in content_list[1]])
            msg = Parser().parsestr(msg_content)
            # 进行邮件头信息的提取
            for head in ['From','To','Subject']:
                value = msg.get(head, '')  # 获取指定头的内容
                if value:
                    if head == 'Subject':
                        mess_value = decode_str(value)  # 对主题进行解码
                    else:
                        hdr, addr = parseaddr(value)  # 获取发件人和接收人的名称和邮箱地址
                        hdr = decode_str(hdr)
                        addr = decode_str(addr)
                        mess_value  = '%s <%s>' % (hdr, addr)
                    tmp_dict[head] = mess_value  # 添加到临时字典
            # 进行邮件正文内容的提取
            if msg.is_multipart():  # 带附件的内容
                for part in msg.walk():
                    if part.get_content_type() == 'text/plain':  # 只提取内容正文，不提取附件等其他信息
                        charset = part.get_charsets()[0]  # 获取内容字符集
                        body = part.get_payload(decode=True)  # 获取内容（编码前的）
                        if charset:
                            content = body.decode(charset)  # 对内容进行解码
                        else:
                            content = body  # 未解码的直接提取内容
            else:  # 不带附件的内容
                content_type = msg.get_content_type()  # 获取内容类型
                if content_type == 'text/plain' or content_type == 'text/html':
                    content = msg.get_payload(decode=True)  # 提取内容
                    charset = guess_charset(msg)  # 提取字符集
                    if charset:
                        content = content.decode(charset)  # 对内容进行解码
                else:
                    content = 'nofound：text/plain，text/html'  # 类型没有匹配到
            tmp_dict['content'] = content  # 添加到临时字典
            tmp_list.append(tmp_dict)  # 将一封邮件进行处理后，添加到一个列表
        pop_obj.quit()  # 关闭POP连接
        # 循环提取每一份邮件，进行写到文档中
        for data in tmp_list:
            mail_info = '''
    发送者：%s
    接收者：%s
    主题：%s
    内容：
    %s
            ''' % (data['From'].strip(), data['To'].strip() if 'To' in data else '群发邮件', data['Subject'].strip(), data['content'].strip())
            mail_file.write(mail_info + '\n')
        mail_file.close()
    except poplib.error_proto as e:
        print('pop Error:', e)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    '''输出文件mail.txt'''
    pop = '接收服务器域名'
    name = '登录名'
    pwd = '登录密码'
    pop_mail(pop, name, pwd)

# 实例：发送邮件

import smtplib
import email as pop_email
from email.parser import Parser
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import formataddr, parseaddr
from email.header import decode_header
import email, poplib, sys

def sendmail(message, sendmail_server, logname, logpwd, to_mailer):
    # to_mailer 为接收者邮件列表
    msg = MIMEText(message, 'plain', 'utf-8')
    msg['From'] = formataddr(['管理员(显示的名称)', 'from_mail@aaaa'])  # 邮件接收后，发件人显示的名称和邮箱
    msg['To'] = formataddr(['jojo', 'to_mail@bbbbb'])  # 邮件接收后，收件人显示的名称和邮箱
    msg['Subject'] = 'python test'
    try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP('sendmail_server', 25)
        server.login('logname', 'logpwd')
        server.sendmail('logname', to_mailer, msg.as_string())
        print('邮件发送成功')
        server.quit()
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
        print('Error:', e)

　

实例：实现指定邮箱自动接收且进行自动匹配字典库关键字进行回复，对读取过的邮件有记录功能不再进行处理，测试代码如下：

#!/opt/python3/bin/python3
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
# Author: Yong

import smtplib
import email as pop_email
from email.parser import Parser
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import formataddr, parseaddr
from email.header import decode_header
import email, poplib, sys, os
import json

# 发送邮件
def sendmail(message, sendmail_server, logname, logpwd, to_mailer, sub):
    # to_mailer 为接收者邮件列表
    msg = MIMEText(message, 'plain', 'utf-8')
    msg['From'] = formataddr(['赵勇', logname])  # 邮件接收后，发件人显示的名称和邮箱
    msg['To'] = formataddr([to_mailer[0], to_mailer[1].strip('>')])  # 邮件接收后，收件人显示的名称和邮箱
    msg['Subject'] = sub
    msg['Accept-Language'] = 'zh-CN'
    msg['Accept-Charset'] = 'ISO-8859-1, utf-8'
    try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP(sendmail_server, 25)
        server.login(logname, logpwd)
        server.sendmail(logname, to_mailer, msg.as_string())
        print('邮件发送成功')
        server.quit()
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
        print('Error:', e)

# 接收邮件
def decode_str(s):
    '''进行消息解码'''
    value, charset = decode_header(s)[0]
    # decode_header()返回一个list，因为像Cc、Bcc这样的字段可能包含多个邮件地址，所以解析出来的会有多个元素。上面的代码我们偷了个懒，只取了第一个元素。
    if charset:
        value = value.decode(charset)
    return value

def guess_charset(msg):
    '''返回字符编码'''
    content_type = msg.get('Content-Type', '').lower()
    pos = content_type.find('charset=')
    if pos >= 0:
        charset = content_type[pos + 8:].strip()
        return charset

def pop_mail(pop_server, logname, logpwd):
    '''进行接收邮件'''
    if os.path.isfile(save_file):
        with open(save_file) as f:
            index_list = json.load(f)
    else:
        index_list = []
    pop_obj = poplib.POP3(pop_server, 110)
    try:
        mail_index = []
        pop_obj.user(logname)
        pop_obj.pass_(logpwd)
        status, mail_list, oct = pop_obj.list()
        for i in mail_list:  # 根据邮件索引ID，循环每一个邮件
            tmp_dict = {}  # 临时存储每一个邮件，格式{'From':'', 'To':'', 'Subject':'', 'content':''}
            i = bytes.decode(i)
            if i in index_list:
                continue
            else:
                index_list.append(i)
            content_list = pop_obj.retr(i.split()[0])  # 根据索引ID，提取邮件内容
            # content_list = pop_obj.retr(i)  # 根据索引ID，提取邮件内容
            msg_content = '\n'.join([bytes.decode(text) for text in content_list[1]])
            msg = Parser().parsestr(msg_content)
            # 进行邮件头信息的提取
            for head in ['From','To','Subject']:
                value = msg.get(head, '')  # 获取指定头的内容
                if value:
                    if head == 'Subject':
                        mess_value = decode_str(value)  # 对主题进行解码
                    else:
                        hdr, addr = parseaddr(value)  # 获取发件人和接收人的名称和邮箱地址
                        hdr = decode_str(hdr)
                        addr = decode_str(addr)
                        mess_value  = '%s <%s>' % (hdr, addr)

                    tmp_dict[head] = mess_value  # 添加到临时字典
            # 进行邮件正文内容的提取
            if msg.is_multipart():  # 带附件的内容
                for part in msg.walk():
                    if part.get_content_type() == 'text/plain':  # 只提取内容正文，不提取附件等其他信息
                        charset = part.get_charsets()[0]  # 获取内容字符集
                        body = part.get_payload(decode=True)  # 获取内容（编码前的）
                        if charset:
                            content = body.decode(charset)  # 对内容进行解码
                        else:
                            content = body  # 未解码的直接提取内容
            else:  # 不带附件的内容
                content_type = msg.get_content_type()  # 获取内容类型
                if content_type == 'text/plain' or content_type == 'text/html':
                    content = msg.get_payload(decode=True)  # 提取内容
                    charset = guess_charset(msg)  # 提取字符集
                    if charset:
                        content = content.decode(charset)  # 对内容进行解码
                else:
                    content = 'nofound：text/plain，text/html'  # 类型没有匹配到
            tmp_dict['content'] = content  # 添加到临时字典
            mail_index.append(tmp_dict)
        pop_obj.quit()
        with open(save_file, 'w') as f:
            f.write(json.dumps(index_list))
        return mail_index

    except poplib.error_proto as e:
        print('pop Error:', e)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    custom_dict = {
        '名字': '勇',
        '年龄': 38,
        '性别': '汉'
    }
    smtp = 'smtp.263xmail.com'
    pop = 'pop.263xmail.com'
    name = 'xxx@xxx.com'
    pwd = 'xxx'
    save_file = 'mail_save.json'
    pop_content = pop_mail(pop, name, pwd)
    if len(pop_content) == 0:
        exit('当前没有新邮件')
    for mail in pop_content:
        mail_info = '''
    ————————————————————————————————————————————————
    发送者：%s
    接收者：%s
    主题：%s
    内容：
    %s
    ''' % (mail['From'].strip(), mail['To'].strip() if 'To' in mail else '群发邮件', mail['Subject'].strip(), mail['content'].strip())

        to_mail = mail['From'].split('<')
        sub = 'To: %s' % mail['Subject']
        for key,value in custom_dict.items():
            if key in mail['content']:
                mess = str(value) + '\n\n\n' + mail_info
                break
        else:
            mess = '没有匹配到字典数据，请自定义'
        sendmail(mess, smtp, name, pwd, to_mail, sub)