RMAN备份与恢复之spfile

1.备份spfile

　　有关控制文件及参数文件备份的几种形式：

• 单独备份控制文件及参数文件

　　　　RMAN> backup current controlfile;

• 备份数据文件时包含控制文件

　　　　RMAN> backup datafile 4 include current controlfile;

• 单独备份spfile

2.恢复spfile

　　SPFILE参数文件可以在RMAN中进行备份，因此可以使用RMAN来恢复SPFILE文件。可以自动备份SPFILE，SPFILE的自动备份是随着控制文件的备份一起被完成的，因此可以通过自动备份控制文件来实现自动备份SPFILE文件的目的。

　　其次，在备份系统表空间时将引发控制文件的自动备份，而不论是否设置自动备份参数为ON，此时同样也备份SPFILE文件

SPFILE文件恢复步骤

1）  startup nomount [force];

2）  set dbid=dbid_no;

3）  restore spfile from autobackup | '<dir>'

4）  startup;

　　下面设定控制文件的自动备份以及设置其备份路径(注意要预先知道目标数据库的DBID，此次事例的DBID为1420421951)。

　　本例以单独备份,一般可将RMAN配置信息controlfile 配置为自动备份，则任务备份工作时，都将自动备份controlfile,spfile。

[oracle@ZTE-TEST144239 ~]$ rman target / nocatalog

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Oct 16 11:20:49 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1420421951)
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

RMAN>  backup spfile format '/data2/backup/sp_%d_%U';

Starting backup at 16-OCT-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=14 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=5 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=138 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 16-OCT-15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 16-OCT-15
piece handle=/data2/backup/sp_ORCL_2hqjrkkt_1_1 tag=TAG20151016T112100 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 16-OCT-15

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 16-OCT-15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2015_10_16/o1_mf_s_893244062_c20v8zor_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 16-OCT-15

1.1备份spfile(单独备份)

可指定路径,备份多份
RMAN> backup copies 2 device type disk spfile format '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/sp_%d_%T_%U';

Starting backup at 16-OCT-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 16-OCT-15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 16-OCT-15 with 2 copies and tag TAG20151016T120250
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/sp_ORCL_20151016_2rqjrn3a_1_1 comment=NONE
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/sp_ORCL_20151016_2rqjrn3a_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 16-OCT-15

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 16-OCT-15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2015_10_16/o1_mf_s_893246571_c20xqfbk_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 16-OCT-15

1.2备份多份spfile的方法

Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@ZTE-TEST144239 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Oct 16 14:13:25 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@ZTE-TEST144239 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@ZTE-TEST144239 dbs]$ mv spfileorcl.ora spfileorcl.ora.bak

2.1试验删除spfile

[oracle@ZTE-TEST144239 ~]$ rman target / nocatalog

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Oct 16 14:15:49 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup nomount force;

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     158662656 bytes

Fixed Size                     2226456 bytes
Variable Size                130025192 bytes
Database Buffers              20971520 bytes
Redo Buffers                   5439488 bytes

RMAN> set DBID=1420421951;
executing command: SET DBID

RMAN> restore spfile from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/sp_ORCL_20151016_2rqjrn3a_1_1';
Starting restore at 16-OCT-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=429 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/sp_ORCL_20151016_2rqjrn3a_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 16-OCT-15

2.1恢复spfile

[oracle@TEST144239 /]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Oct 16 14:44:32 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
SQL> conn scott/Sina.2015@study
Connected.
SQL> select * from dual;
D
-
X

3.结果