python 多线程糗事百科案例

案例要求参考上一个糗事百科单进程案例

Queue（队列对象）

Queue是python中的标准库，可以直接import Queue引用;队列是线程间最常用的交换数据的形式

python下多线程的思考

对于资源，加锁是个重要的环节。因为python原生的list,dict等，都是not thread safe的。而Queue，是线程安全的，因此在满足使用条件下，建议使用队列

1. 初始化： class Queue.Queue(maxsize) FIFO 先进先出

2. 包中的常用方法:

   • Queue.qsize() 返回队列的大小

   • Queue.empty() 如果队列为空，返回True,反之False

   • Queue.full() 如果队列满了，返回True,反之False

   • Queue.full 与 maxsize 大小对应

   • Queue.get([block[, timeout]])获取队列，timeout等待时间

3. 创建一个“队列”对象

   • import Queue
   • myqueue = Queue.Queue(maxsize = 10)

4. 将一个值放入队列中

   • myqueue.put(10)

5. 将一个值从队列中取出

   • myqueue.get()

多线程示意图

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
from lxml import etree
from Queue import Queue
import threading
import time
import json

class thread_crawl(threading.Thread):
    '''
    抓取线程类
    '''

    def __init__(self, threadID, q):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.threadID = threadID
        self.q = q

    def run(self):
        print "Starting " + self.threadID
        self.qiushi_spider()
        print "Exiting ", self.threadID

    def qiushi_spider(self):
        # page = 1
        while True:
            if self.q.empty():
                break
            else:
                page = self.q.get()
                print 'qiushi_spider=', self.threadID, ',page=', str(page)
                url = 'http://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/' + str(page) + '/'
                headers = {
                    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36',
                    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8'}
                # 多次尝试失败结束、防止死循环
                timeout = 4
                while timeout > 0:
                    timeout -= 1
                    try:
                        content = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
                        data_queue.put(content.text)
                        break
                    except Exception, e:
                        print 'qiushi_spider', e
                if timeout < 0:
                    print 'timeout', url

class Thread_Parser(threading.Thread):
    '''
    页面解析类；
    '''

    def __init__(self, threadID, queue, lock, f):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.threadID = threadID
        self.queue = queue
        self.lock = lock
        self.f = f

    def run(self):
        print 'starting ', self.threadID
        global total, exitFlag_Parser
        while not exitFlag_Parser:
            try:
                '''
                调用队列对象的get()方法从队头删除并返回一个项目。可选参数为block，默认为True。
                如果队列为空且block为True，get()就使调用线程暂停，直至有项目可用。
                如果队列为空且block为False，队列将引发Empty异常。
                '''
                item = self.queue.get(False)
                if not item:
                    pass
                self.parse_data(item)
                self.queue.task_done()
                print 'Thread_Parser=', self.threadID, ',total=', total
            except:
                pass
        print 'Exiting ', self.threadID

    def parse_data(self, item):
        '''
        解析网页函数
        :param item: 网页内容
        :return:
        '''
        global total
        try:
            html = etree.HTML(item)
            result = html.xpath('//div[contains(@id,"qiushi_tag")]')
            for site in result:
                try:
                    imgUrl = site.xpath('.//img/@src')[0]
                    title = site.xpath('.//h2')[0].text
                    content = site.xpath('.//div[@class="content"]/span')[0].text.strip()
                    vote = None
                    comments = None
                    try:
                        vote = site.xpath('.//i')[0].text
                        comments = site.xpath('.//i')[1].text
                    except:
                        pass
                    result = {
                        'imgUrl': imgUrl,
                        'title': title,
                        'content': content,
                        'vote': vote,
                        'comments': comments,
                    }

                    with self.lock:
                        # print 'write %s' % json.dumps(result)
                        self.f.write(json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=False).encode('utf-8') + "\n")

                except Exception, e:
                    print 'site in result', e
        except Exception, e:
            print 'parse_data', e
        with self.lock:
            total += 1

data_queue = Queue()
exitFlag_Parser = False
lock = threading.Lock()
total = 0

def main():
    output = open('qiushibaike.json', 'a')

    #初始化网页页码page从1-10个页面
    pageQueue = Queue(50)
    for page in range(1, 11):
        pageQueue.put(page)

    #初始化采集线程
    crawlthreads = []
    crawlList = ["crawl-1", "crawl-2", "crawl-3"]

    for threadID in crawlList:
        thread = thread_crawl(threadID, pageQueue)
        thread.start()
        crawlthreads.append(thread)

    #初始化解析线程parserList
    parserthreads = []
    parserList = ["parser-1", "parser-2", "parser-3"]
    #分别启动parserList
    for threadID in parserList:
        thread = Thread_Parser(threadID, data_queue, lock, output)
        thread.start()
        parserthreads.append(thread)

    # 等待队列清空
    while not pageQueue.empty():
        pass

    # 等待所有线程完成
    for t in crawlthreads:
        t.join()

    while not data_queue.empty():
        pass
    # 通知线程是时候退出
    global exitFlag_Parser
    exitFlag_Parser = True

    for t in parserthreads:
        t.join()
    print "Exiting Main Thread"
    with lock:
        output.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

# 使用了线程库
import threading
# 队列
from Queue import Queue
# 解析库
from lxml import etree
# 请求处理
import requests
# json处理
import json
import time

class ThreadCrawl(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, threadName, pageQueue, dataQueue):
        #threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        # 调用父类初始化方法
        super(ThreadCrawl, self).__init__()
        # 线程名
        self.threadName = threadName
        # 页码队列
        self.pageQueue = pageQueue
        # 数据队列
        self.dataQueue = dataQueue
        # 请求报头
        self.headers = {"User-Agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0;"}

    def run(self):
        print "启动 " + self.threadName
        while not CRAWL_EXIT:
            try:
                # 取出一个数字，先进先出
                # 可选参数block，默认值为True
                #1. 如果对列为空，block为True的话，不会结束，会进入阻塞状态，直到队列有新的数据
                #2. 如果队列为空，block为False的话，就弹出一个Queue.empty()异常，
                page = self.pageQueue.get(False)
                url = "http://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/" + str(page) +"/"
                #print url
                content = requests.get(url, headers = self.headers).text
                time.sleep(1)
                self.dataQueue.put(content)
                #print len(content)
            except:
                pass
        print "结束 " + self.threadName

class ThreadParse(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, threadName, dataQueue, filename, lock):
        super(ThreadParse, self).__init__()
        # 线程名
        self.threadName = threadName
        # 数据队列
        self.dataQueue = dataQueue
        # 保存解析后数据的文件名
        self.filename = filename
        # 锁
        self.lock = lock

    def run(self):
        print "启动" + self.threadName
        while not PARSE_EXIT:
            try:
                html = self.dataQueue.get(False)
                self.parse(html)
            except:
                pass
        print "退出" + self.threadName

    def parse(self, html):
        # 解析为HTML DOM
        html = etree.HTML(html)

        node_list = html.xpath('//div[contains(@id, "qiushi_tag")]')

        for node in node_list:
            # xpath返回的列表，这个列表就这一个参数，用索引方式取出来，用户名
            username = node.xpath('./div/a/@title')[0]
            # 图片连接
            image = node.xpath('.//div[@class="thumb"]//@src')#[0]
            # 取出标签下的内容,段子内容
            content = node.xpath('.//div[@class="content"]/span')[0].text
            # 取出标签里包含的内容，点赞
            zan = node.xpath('.//i')[0].text
            # 评论
            comments = node.xpath('.//i')[1].text

            items = {
                "username" : username,
                "image" : image,
                "content" : content,
                "zan" : zan,
                "comments" : comments
            }

            # with 后面有两个必须执行的操作：__enter__ 和 _exit__
            # 不管里面的操作结果如何，都会执行打开、关闭
            # 打开锁、处理内容、释放锁
            with self.lock:
                # 写入存储的解析后的数据
                self.filename.write(json.dumps(items, ensure_ascii = False).encode("utf-8") + "\n")

CRAWL_EXIT = False
PARSE_EXIT = False

def main():
    # 页码的队列，表示20个页面
    pageQueue = Queue(20)
    # 放入1~10的数字，先进先出
    for i in range(1, 21):
        pageQueue.put(i)

    # 采集结果(每页的HTML源码)的数据队列，参数为空表示不限制
    dataQueue = Queue()

    filename = open("duanzi.json", "a")
    # 创建锁
    lock = threading.Lock()

    # 三个采集线程的名字
    crawlList = ["采集线程1号", "采集线程2号", "采集线程3号"]
    # 存储三个采集线程的列表集合
    threadcrawl = []
    for threadName in crawlList:
        thread = ThreadCrawl(threadName, pageQueue, dataQueue)
        thread.start()
        threadcrawl.append(thread)

    # 三个解析线程的名字
    parseList = ["解析线程1号","解析线程2号","解析线程3号"]
    # 存储三个解析线程
    threadparse = []
    for threadName in parseList:
        thread = ThreadParse(threadName, dataQueue, filename, lock)
        thread.start()
        threadparse.append(thread)

    # 等待pageQueue队列为空，也就是等待之前的操作执行完毕
    while not pageQueue.empty():
        pass

    # 如果pageQueue为空，采集线程退出循环
    global CRAWL_EXIT
    CRAWL_EXIT = True

    print "pageQueue为空"

    for thread in threadcrawl:
        thread.join()
        print "1"

    while not dataQueue.empty():
        pass

    global PARSE_EXIT
    PARSE_EXIT = True

    for thread in threadparse:
        thread.join()
        print "2"

    with lock:
        # 关闭文件
        filename.close()
    print "谢谢使用！"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()