MySQL-5.7密码策略及用户资源限制

1.密码策略

在mysql 5.6对密码的强度进行了加强，推出了validate_password 插件。支持密码的强度要求。

（1）安装插件

[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/validate_password.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 204359 Sep 14 01:27 /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/validate_password.so

mysql> install plugin validate_password soname 'validate_password.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

mysql> show plugins;
+----------------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------+---------+
| Name                       | Status   | Type               | Library              | License |
+----------------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------+---------+
| binlog                     | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL                 | GPL     |
| mysql_native_password      | ACTIVE   | AUTHENTICATION     | NULL                 | GPL     |
| sha256_password            | ACTIVE   | AUTHENTICATION     | NULL                 | GPL     |
.....................省略
| validate_password          | ACTIVE   | VALIDATE PASSWORD  | validate_password.so | GPL     |
+----------------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------+---------+
45 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（2）添加配置

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data1/mysql/data

plugin-load=validate_password.so
validate_password_policy=2
validate-password=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT

（3）检测配置

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                        | Value  |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_check_user_name    | OFF    |
| validate_password_dictionary_file    |        |
| validate_password_length             | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count       | 1      |
| validate_password_policy             | STRONG |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1      |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> set password=password('abc');
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
mysql> set password=password('mysql2017');
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
mysql> set password=password('mysql@)!&');
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
mysql> set password=password('MY@)!&sql2017');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

2.策略详解

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                        | Value  |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_check_user_name    | OFF    |
| validate_password_dictionary_file    |        |
| validate_password_length             | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count       | 1      |
| validate_password_policy             | STRONG |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1      |
+--------------------------------------+--------+

说明：

validate-password=ON/OFF/FORCE/FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT: 决定是否使用该插件(及强制/永久强制使用)。

validate_password_dictionary_file：插件用于验证密码强度的字典文件路径。

validate_password_length：密码最小长度。

validate_password_mixed_case_count：密码至少要包含的小写字母个数和大写字母个数。

validate_password_number_count：密码至少要包含的数字个数。

validate_password_policy：密码强度检查等级，0/LOW、1/MEDIUM、2/STRONG。

validate_password_special_char_count：密码至少要包含的特殊字符数。

关于validate_password_policy-密码强度检查等级：

Policy	        Tests Performed
0 or LOW   	Length
1 or MEDIUM	Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters
2 or STRONG	Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file

3.用户资源限制

（1）max_user_connections

该参数作用是设置所有用户在同一时间连接MySQL实例的最大连接数限制。但这个参数无法对每个用户区别对待。

mysql> show global variables like '%max_user_connect%';
+----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name        | Value |
+----------------------+-------+
| max_user_connections | 0     |
+----------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global max_user_connections=2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show global variables like '%max_user_connect%';
+----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name        | Value |
+----------------------+-------+
| max_user_connections | 2     |
+----------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（2）max_queries_per_hour

该参数设置一个用户在一小时内可以执行查询的次数（基本包含所有语句）。

（3）max_updates_per_hour

该参数设置一个用户在一小时内可以执行修改的次数（仅包含修改数据库或表的语句）。

（4）max_connections_per_hour

该参数设置一个用户在一小时内可以连接MySQL的时间。

从5.0.3版本开始，对用户‘test’@'%.test.com'的资源限制是指所有通过test.com域名主机连接test用户的连接，而不是分别指host1.test.com和host2.test.com主机过来的连接。

（5）设置用户资源限制

mysql> create user 'test1'@'localhost' identified by 'MYsql20!&'
    -> with max_queries_per_hour 20
    -> max_updates_per_hour 10
    -> max_user_connections 2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter user 'test1'@'localhost' with max_queries_per_hour 100;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

取消某项资源限制既把原先的值改成0.

当某个用户的max_user_connections非0时，则忽略全局系统参数对应的配置，反之则使用全局参数。

4.密码过期策略

mysql> show global variables like '%password%';
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                         | Value  |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| default_password_lifetime             | 0      |
| disconnect_on_expired_password        | ON     |
| log_builtin_as_identified_by_password | OFF    |
| mysql_native_password_proxy_users     | OFF    |
| old_passwords                         | 0      |
| report_password                       |        |
| sha256_password_proxy_users           | OFF    |
| validate_password_check_user_name     | OFF    |
| validate_password_dictionary_file     |        |
| validate_password_length              | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count    | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count        | 1      |
| validate_password_policy              | STRONG |
| validate_password_special_char_count  | 1      |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.01 sec)

说明：

1）default_password_lifetime

设置所有用户密码过期时间，0为永不过期；

若为单独用户设置了密码过期策略，则会覆盖该参数；

alter user 'test3'@'localhost' password expire interval 90 day;
alter user 'test3'@'localhost' password expire never; （永不过期）
alter user 'test3'@'localhost' password expire default; （默认过期策略）

2）手动强制过期

alter user 'test3'@'localhost' password expire;

5.用户lock机制

通过执行create user/alter user命令中带account lock/unlock子句设置用户的lock状态；

默认创建用户是unlock状态；

mysql> create user abc2@localhost identified by 'MY20sql!&' account lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uabc2 -p
Enter password:
ERROR 3118 (HY000): Access denied for user 'abc2'@'localhost'. Account is locked.

mysql> alter user 'abc2'@'localhost' account unlock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uabc2 -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7

6.密码生成技巧

https://suijimimashengcheng.51240.com/