第四章 Web表单

4.1 跨站请求伪造保护

安装flask-wtf

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'hard to guess string'

密钥不应写在代码中，具体信息会在第7章介绍。

4.2 表单类

// 定义表单类
from flask_wtf import Form
from wtforms import StringField, SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import Required

class NameForm(Form):
    name = StringField('What is your name?', validators=[Required()])
    submit = SubmitField('Submit')

4.3 把表单渲染成HTML

<form method="POST">
    {{ form.hidden_tag() }}
    {{ form.name.label }} {{ form.name(id='my-text-field') }}
    {{ form.submit() }}
</form>

使用flask-bootstrap渲染

{% import "bootstrap/wtf.html" as wtf %}
{{ wtf.quick_form(form) }}

index.html

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% import "bootstrap/wtf.html" as wtf %}

{% block title %}Flasky{% endblock %}

{% block page_content %}
<div class="page-header">
    <h1>Hello, {% if name %}{{ name }}{% else %}Stranger{% endif %}!</h1>
</div>
{{ wtf.quick_form(form) }}
{% endblock %}

4.4 在视图函数中处理表单

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
    name = None
    form = NameForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        name = form.name.data
        form.name.data = ''
    return render_template('index.html', form=form, name=name)

validate_on_submit() 传入的值通过验证则返回True

4.5 重定向和用户会话

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
    form = NameForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        session['name'] = form.name.data
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    return render_template('index.html', form=form, name=session.get('name'))

4.6 Flash消息

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
    form = NameForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        old_name = session.get('name')
        if old_name is not None and old_name != form.name.data:
            flash('Looks like you have changed your name!')
        session['name'] = form.name.data
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    return render_template('index.html', form=form, name=session.get('name'))

{% block content %}
<div class="container">
    {% for message in get_flashed_messages() %}
    <div class="alert alert-warning">
        <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert">&times;</button>
        {{ message }}
    </div>
    {% endfor %}

    {% block page_content %}{% endblock %}
</div>
{% endblock %}