每天进步一点点—mysql-mysqldump

一、简单介绍

mysqldump是client用来备份数据库或者在不通数据库之间进行数据迁移的工具，备份内容包括创建表或者装载表的SQL语句

二、命令格式

备份单个数据库或者数据库中部分数据表

mysqldump [參数] 数据库名 [表名]

备份指定的一个或者多个数据库

mysqldump [參数] --database db1 [db2db3]

备份全部数据库

mysqldump [參数] --all-database

三、经常使用參数

-u--user=name username

-p --password 密码

-h --host=hostname 指定serverIP或者可解析到的域名

-P--port 端口

--add-drop-database 每一个数据库创建语句前加上drop database，用于创建新库前将旧库删掉

--add-drop-table 在每一个创建表前加上drop table语句。用于创建新表前删除旧表

-n--no-create-db 不包括数据库创建语句

-t --no-create-info 不包括数据表创建语句

-d --no-data 不包括数据

--compact 将输出的结果简洁，不包含默认选项中的各种凝视

-c--complete-insert 在insert语句中加上字段名（默认不加）

-F --flush-logs 备份前刷新日志，使得方便恢复。

-l --lock-tables 给全部表加入读锁保证数据一致性一般与-F配合使用

-T 此參数与以下參数配合使用，此參数是将数据备份为淡出的数据文本文档和建表的SQL两个文件

--filelds-terminated-by=name(域分隔符)

--filelds-enclosed-by=name（域引用符）

--fields-optionally-enclosed-by=name(域可选引用符）

--fields-escaped-by=name(转义字符）

--default-characte-set=字符类型此选项能够设置导出的client字符集，系统默认client字符集能够通过 mysql --verbose --help |grep 'default-character-set'|grep-v name来查看所以一般导出的时候一定要将字符集设置对。

四、经常使用样例

1) 备份T4表到test4.txt

[root@localhost data]# mysqldump -h10.22.19.44 -uroot-p test2 t4 >test4.txt

2) 备份教务表

[root@localhostdata]# mysqldump -h10.22.19.44 -uroot -p jiaowu >jiaowu.txt

3) 仅仅导出表的创建语句，不包括其它信息

[root@localhostdata]# mysqldump -h10.22.19.44 -uroot -p -d test2 t4 >nodata.txt

Enter password:

[root@localhost data]# cat nodata.txt

-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.6.12, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64)

-- Host: 10.22.19.44 Database: test2

--------------------------------------------------------

-- Server version 5.6.12-log

/*!40101 SET@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;

/*!40101 SET@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;

/*!40101 SET@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;

/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;

/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;

/*!40014 SET@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;

/*!40014 SET@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;

/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE,SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;

/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES,SQL_NOTES=0 */;

-- Table structure for table `t4`

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t4`;

/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8*/;

CREATE TABLE `t4` (

`id` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',

`str_number` int(11) DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client =@saved_cs_client */;

/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;

/*!40014 SETFOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;

/*!40014 SETUNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;

/*!40101 SETCHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;

/*!40101 SETCHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;

/*!40101 SETCOLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;

/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2015-07-17 14:53:49

4) 仅仅导出表的创建语句，而且加入删除旧表的语句

[root@localhostdata]# mysqldump -h10.22.19.44 -uroot -p -d --add-drop-table jiaowu tutors>nooldtable.txt

Enter password:

[root@localhostdata]# cat nooldtable.txt

-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.6.12, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64)

-- Host: 10.22.19.44 Database: jiaowu

-- ------------------------------------------------------

-- Server version 5.6.12-log

/*!40101 SET@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;

/*!40101 SET@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;

/*!40101 SET@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;

/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;

/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;

/*!40014 SET@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;

/*!40014 SET@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;

/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE,SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;

/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES,SQL_NOTES=0 */;

-- Table structure for table `tutors`

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tutors`;

/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8*/;

CREATE TABLE `tutors` (

`TID` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`Tname` varchar(50) NOT NULL,

`Gender` enum('F','M') DEFAULT 'M',

`Age` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,

UNIQUE KEY `TID` (`TID`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=31 DEFAULTCHARSET=latin1;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client =@saved_cs_client */;

/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;

/*!40014 SETFOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;

/*!40014 SETUNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;

/*!40101 SETCHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;

/*!40101 SETCHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;

/*!40101 SETCOLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;

/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2015-07-17 14:57:03

5) 将上面的结果通过简洁的方式输出

[root@localhostdata]# mysqldump -h10.22.19.44 -uroot -p -d --compact --add-drop-table jiaowututors >compactnooldtable.txt

Enter password:

[root@localhostdata]# cat compactnooldtable.txt

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tutors`;

/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8*/;

CREATE TABLE `tutors` (

`TID` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`Tname` varchar(50) NOT NULL,

`Gender` enum('F','M') DEFAULT 'M',

`Age` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,

UNIQUE KEY `TID` (`TID`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=31 DEFAULTCHARSET=latin1;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client =@saved_cs_client */;

6) 通过简洁方式将tutors导出，而且在insert into语句上加入字段名

[root@localhostdata]# mysqldump -h10.22.19.44 -uroot -p -c jiaowu tutors>completetutors.txt

Enterpassword:

[root@localhostdata]# cat completetutors.txt

-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.6.12, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64)

-- Host: 10.22.19.44 Database: jiaowu

--------------------------------------------------------

-- Server version 5.6.12-log

/*!40101 SET@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;

/*!40101 SET@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;

/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION*/;

/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;

/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;

/*!40014 SET@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;

/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS,FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;

/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE,SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;

/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES,SQL_NOTES=0 */;

-- Table structure for table `tutors`

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tutors`;

/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8*/;

CREATE TABLE `tutors` (

`TID` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`Tname` varchar(50) NOT NULL,

`Gender` enum('F','M') DEFAULT 'M',

`Age`tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,

UNIQUE KEY `TID` (`TID`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=31 DEFAULTCHARSET=latin1;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client =@saved_cs_client */;

-- Dumping data for table `tutors`

LOCK TABLES `tutors` WRITE;

/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tutors` DISABLE KEYS*/;

INSERT INTO `tutors` (`TID`, `Tname`,`Gender`, `Age`) VALUES(1,'HongQigong','M',93),(2,'HuangYaoshi','M',63),(3,'Miejueshitai','F',72),(4,'OuYangfeng','M',76),(5,'YiDeng','M',90),(6,'YuCanghai','M',56),(7,'Jinlunfawang','M',67),(8,'HuYidao','M',42),(9,'NingZhongze','F',49),(10,'TOM','F',30),(11,'DingDian','M',25),(12,'HuFei','M',31),(13,'Xuzhu','M',26),(18,'DingDian','M',25),(19,'HuFei','M',31),(20,'Xuzhu','M',26),(23,'stu0010','M',NULL),(24,'stu0012','M',NULL),(25,'str000023','M',NULL),(26,'str000024','M',NULL),(27,'str9999','M',NULL),(28,'str9991','M',NULL),(29,'str9992','M',NULL),(30,'str9993','M',NULL);

/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tutors` ENABLE KEYS*/;

UNLOCK TABLES;

/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;

/*!40014 SETFOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;

/*!40014 SETUNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;

/*!40101 SETCHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;

/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS*/;

/*!40101 SETCOLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;

/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2015-07-17 15:03:30

[root@localhost data]# mysqldump-h10.22.19.44 -uroot -p --compact -c jiaowu tutors >completetutors.txt

Enter password:

[root@localhost data]# catcompletetutors.txt

/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8*/;

CREATE TABLE `tutors` (

`TID` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`Tname` varchar(50) NOT NULL,

`Gender` enum('F','M') DEFAULT 'M',

`Age` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,

UNIQUE KEY `TID` (`TID`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=31 DEFAULTCHARSET=latin1;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client =@saved_cs_client */;

7) 将tutors导出为单纯的文本文件和建表SQL

[root@localhostdata]# mkdir bak

[root@localhostdata]# chown mysql:mysql ./bak/

[root@localhostdata]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 jiaowu tutors -T ./bak/

Warning: Using a password on the commandline interface can be insecure.

[root@localhost data]# cat./bak/tutors.sql

-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.6.12, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64)

-- Host: localhost Database: jiaowu

--------------------------------------------------------

-- Server version 5.6.12-log

/*!40101 SET@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS*/;

/*!40101 SET@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;

/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;

/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;

/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE,SQL_MODE='' */;

/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES,SQL_NOTES=0 */;

-- Table structure for table `tutors`

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tutors`;

/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8*/;

CREATE TABLE `tutors` (

`TID` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`Tname` varchar(50) NOT NULL,

`Gender` enum('F','M') DEFAULT 'M',

`Age` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,

UNIQUE KEY `TID` (`TID`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=31 DEFAULTCHARSET=latin1;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client =@saved_cs_client */;

/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;

/*!40101 SETCHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;

/*!40101 SETCHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;

/*!40101 SETCOLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;

/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2015-07-17 15:14:21

[root@localhostdata]# cat ./bak/tutors.txt

1 HongQigong M 93

2 HuangYaoshi M 63

3 Miejueshitai F 72

4 OuYangfeng M 76

5 YiDeng M 90

6 YuCanghai M 56

7 Jinlunfawang M 67

8 HuYidao M 42

9 NingZhongze F 49

10 TOM F 30

11 DingDian M 25

12 HuFei M 31

13 Xuzhu M 26

18 DingDian M 25

19 HuFei M 31

20 Xuzhu M 26

23 stu0010 M \N

24 stu0012 M \N

25 str000023 M \N

26 str000024 M \N

27 str9999 M \N

28 str9991 M \N

29 str9992 M \N

30 str9993 M \N

在向文件夹中导出文件时，有时候会提示以下错误

[root@localhost data]# mysqldump -uroot-p123456 test2 t4 -T ./bak/

Warning: Using a password onthe command line interface can be insecure.

mysqldump: Got error: 1: Can'tcreate/write to file '/usr/local/mysql/data/bak/t4.txt' (Errcode: 13 -Permission denied) when executing 'SELECT INTO OUTFILE'

报出此错是因为文件夹没有足够权限导致，仅仅需给文件夹足够权限就可以

[root@localhost data]# chownmysql:mysql ./bak/

[root@localhost data]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 jiaowu tutors -T ./bak/

Warning: Using a password on the command lineinterface can be insecure.

8) 导出含有中文的数据。不加參数会导致数据中有乱码

[root@localhostdata]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --compact jiaowu tutors >test5

Warning: Using a password on the commandline interface can be insecure.

[root@localhostdata]# cat test5

/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8*/;

CREATE TABLE `tutors` (

`TID` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`Tname` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,

`Gender`enum('F','M') DEFAULT 'M',

`Age` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,

UNIQUE KEY `TID` (`TID`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=35 DEFAULTCHARSET=latin1;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client =@saved_cs_client */;

INSERT INTO `tutors` VALUES (1,'HongQigong','M',93),(2,'HuangYaoshi','M',63),(3,'Miejueshitai','F',72),(4,'OuYangfeng','M',76),(5,'YiDeng','M',90),(6,'YuCanghai','M',56),(7,'Jinlunfawang','M',67),(8,'HuYidao','M',42),(9,'NingZhongze','F',49),(10,'TOM','F',30),(11,'DingDian','M',25),(12,'HuFei','M',31),(13,'Xuzhu','M',26),(18,'DingDian','M',25),(19,'HuFei','M',31),(20,'Xuzhu','M',26),(23,'stu0010','M',NULL),(24,'stu0012','M',NULL),(25,'str000023','M',NULL),(26,'str000024','M',NULL),(27,'str9999','M',NULL),(28,'str9991','M',NULL),(29,'str9992','M',NULL),(30,'str9993','M',NULL),(32,'ä¸å›½','M',21),(33,'ç–¯å','M',21),(34,'å‚»å','M',21);

能够看到导出的数据是乱码

[root@localhostdata]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --compact --default-character-set=latin1jiaowu tutors >test6

Warning: Using a password on the commandline interface can be insecure.

[root@localhostdata]# cat test6

/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8*/;

CREATE TABLE `tutors` (

`TID` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`Tname` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,

`Gender` enum('F','M') DEFAULT 'M',

`Age` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,

UNIQUE KEY `TID` (`TID`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=35 DEFAULTCHARSET=latin1;

/*!40101 SET character_set_client =@saved_cs_client */;

INSERT INTO `tutors` VALUES(1,'HongQigong','M',93),(2,'HuangYaoshi','M',63),(3,'Miejueshitai','F',72),(4,'OuYangfeng','M',76),(5,'YiDeng','M',90),(6,'YuCanghai','M',56),(7,'Jinlunfawang','M',67),(8,'HuYidao','M',42),(9,'NingZhongze','F',49),(10,'TOM','F',30),(11,'DingDian','M',25),(12,'HuFei','M',31),(13,'Xuzhu','M',26),(18,'DingDian','M',25),(19,'HuFei','M',31),(20,'Xuzhu','M',26),(23,'stu0010','M',NULL),(24,'stu0012','M',NULL),(25,'str000023','M',NULL),(26,'str000024','M',NULL),(27,'str9999','M',NULL),(28,'str9991','M',NULL),(29,'str9992','M',NULL),(30,'str9993','M',NULL),(32,'中国','M',21),(33,'疯子','M',21),(34,'傻子','M',21);

能够看到设置编码后，导出的数据为正确的中文字符

9) 备份前锁定表而且刷新备份日志

备份前查看二进制日志号：

mysql>show master status;

+--------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

+--------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| mysql.000009 | 120 | | | |

+--------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

[root@localhostdata]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --compact -F -l jiaowu >jiaowu.sql

Warning: Using a password on the commandline interface can be insecure.

备份后查看二进制日志号

mysql>show master status;

+--------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

+--------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| mysql.000011 | 120 | | | |

+--------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

导出请大家解决小弟问题

/*!50530 SET@@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;

/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;

/*!50003 SET@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;

DELIMITER /*!*/;

#at 4

#150717 16:06:16 server id 1 end_log_pos 120 CRC32 0x8f464488 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.6.12-log created 150717 16:06:16

BINLOG '

eLeoVQ8BAAAAdAAAAHgAAAAAAAQANS42LjEyLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXAAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKGRkAAYhE

Ro8=

'/*!*/;

#at 120

#150717 16:06:16 server id 1 end_log_pos 163 CRC32 0xf497faf6 Rotate to mysql.000013 pos: 4

DELIMITER ;

#End of log file

ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;

/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;

/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

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