MySQL - MyCat 实现读写分离

前言

MyCat是一个彻底开源的，面向企业应用开发的大数据库集群,支持事务、ACID、可以替代MySQL的加强版数据库.
其功能有可以视为MySQL集群的企业级数据库，用来替代昂贵的Oracle集群.融合了内存缓存技术、NoSQL技术、HDFS大数据的新型SQL Server,结合传统数据库和新型分布式数据仓库的新一代企业级数据库产品.

◆案例1◆ 配置MyCat实现读写分离

安装JDK

tar -xzvf jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

mv /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_171/ /usr/local/jdk

配置JAVA环境变量

vim /etc/profile

#=============================================================================
#Java-JDK-Path

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export JAVA_BIN=/usr/local/jdk/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH
#=============================================================================

source /etc/profile

进入所有数据库依次创建远程登陆权限

grant  all  on *.* to  "lyshark"@"%" identified by  "";

create database lysharkdb;                        #创建测试数据库

解压MyCat

tar -xzvf Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

修改MyCat配置文件

a. 修改用户授权文件,写入MyCat登陆账号

vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml

        <user name="root" defaultAccount="true">                   #指定MyCat登陆用户名
                <property name="password">123456</property>        #指定密码
                <property name="schemas">lysharkDB</property>      #指定同步数据库
        </user>

        <user name="user">                                         #指定MyCat登陆用户名
                <property name="password">123456</property>        #指定密码
                <property name="schemas">lysharkDB</property>      #指定同步数据库
                <property name="readOnly">true</property>          #指定只读
        </user>

b. 修改MyCat读写分离策略

vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">

<schema name="lysharkDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="" dataNode="dn_test"> </schema>
<dataNode name="dn_test" dataHost="dh_43" database="lysharkDB" />

<dataHost name="dh_43" maxCon="" minCon="" balance="" writeType="" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType=""  slaveThreshold="">

                <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>

                <writeHost host="43_M" url="192.168.1.13:3306" user="lyshark" password="">      # 配置写主机
                <readHost host="45_S1" url="192.168.1.14:3306" user="lyshark" password="" />    # 配置读主机
        <readHost host="45_S2" url="192.168.1.15:3306" user="lyshark" password="" />            # 配置读主机

                </writeHost>
        </dataHost>
</mycat:schema>

schema name="lysharkDB"            # 指定你要同步的数据库
database="lysharkDB"               # 同上

dataNode="dn_test"
dataNode name="dn_test"
dataHost="dh_43"

启动MyCat

/usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start

查看端口

netstat -an |grep ""                                #虚拟schema管理端口
netstat -an |grep ""                                #虚拟schema登陆端口

登录MyCat管理端

mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1 -P 9066

MySQL [(none)]> show @@heartbeat;                            #RS_CODE为1表示心跳正常
+-------+-------+--------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| NAME  | TYPE  | HOST         | PORT | RS_CODE | RETRY | STATUS | TIMEOUT | EXECUTE_TIME | LAST_ACTIVE_TIME    | STOP  |
+-------+-------+--------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| 43_M  | mysql | 192.168.1.12 | 3306 |       1 |     0 | idle   |       0 | 173,173,173  | 2018-05-11 09:10:15 | false |
| 45_S1 | mysql | 192.168.1.13 | 3306 |       1 |     0 | idle   |       0 | 226,226,226  | 2018-05-11 09:10:15 | false |
| 45_S2 | mysql | 192.168.1.14 | 3306 |       1 |     0 | idle   |       0 | 206,206,206  | 2018-05-11 09:10:15 | false |
+-------+-------+--------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+

MySQL [(none)]> show @@datasource;                            #查看读写分离的机器配置情况
+----------+-------+-------+--------------+------+------+--------+------+------+---------+-----------+------------+
| DATANODE | NAME  | TYPE  | HOST         | PORT | W/R  | ACTIVE | IDLE | SIZE | EXECUTE | READ_LOAD | WRITE_LOAD |
+----------+-------+-------+--------------+------+------+--------+------+------+---------+-----------+------------+
| dn_test  | 43_M  | mysql | 192.168.1.12 | 3306 | W    |      0 |   10 | 1000 |      19 |         0 |          0 |
| dn_test  | 45_S1 | mysql | 192.168.1.13 | 3306 | R    |      0 |    4 | 1000 |      12 |         0 |          0 |
| dn_test  | 45_S2 | mysql | 192.168.1.14 | 3306 | R    |      0 |    4 | 1000 |      12 |         0 |          0 |
+----------+-------+-------+--------------+------+------+--------+------+------+---------+-----------+------------+

登录MyCat读写分离服务

mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1 -P 8066

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1 -P 8066
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.5-release-20180122220033 MyCat Server (OpenCloundDB)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]>

◆案例2◆ 配置MyCat-Web监控页面

前戏：下载MyCat以及Zookeeper

wget http://www-eu.apache.org/dist/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.12/zookeeper-3.4.12.tar.gz

wget http://dl.mycat.io/1.6.5/Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz

wget http://dl.mycat.io/mycat-web-1.0/Mycat-web-1.0-SNAPSHOT-20170102153329-linux.tar.gz

安装JDK

tar -xzvf jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

mv /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_171/ /usr/local/jdk

配置JAVA环境变量

vim /etc/profile

#=============================================================================
#Java-JDK-Path

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export JAVA_BIN=/usr/local/jdk/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH
#=============================================================================

source /etc/profile

安装MySQL并配置my.cnf

yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server

vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
lower_case_table_names = 1

安装zookeeper

tar -xzvf zookeeper-3.4.12.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

cd /usr/local/zookeeper-3.4.12/conf/

cp zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg

修改其中的↓

dataDir=/usr/local/...

dataLogDir=/usr/local/...

运行zookeeper

cd /usr/local/zookeeper-3.4.12/bin/

./zkServer.sh start

查看状态：netstat -ant | grep 2181

tcp  0    0 :::2181       :::*           LISTEN 

如果出现错误：nohup: failed to run command `java’: No such file or directory

可以在zkServer.sh中的首行添加如下代码

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jdk
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

安装并运行Mycat-Web

tar -xzvf Mycat-web-1.0-SNAPSHOT-20170102153329-linux.tar.gz -C /usr/local

cd /usr/local/mycat-web

./start.sh &

netstat  -an | grep 8082

客户访问

http://localhost:8082/mycat

博客搬运地址

1. MyCat 实现读写分离