记一次pgsql的查询优化

前言

这是一个子查询的场景,对于这个查询我们不能避免子查询,下面是我一次具体的优化过程。

优化策略

1、拆分子查询,将需要的数据提前在cte中查询出来

2、连表查询,直接去查询对应cte里面的内容

WITH RECURSIVE nodes AS (
SELECT t.*
FROM document_directories t
INNER JOIN document_permissions p
ON
p.resource_id = t.id
AND p.enterprise_id = t.enterprise_id
AND p.resource ='directory'
AND p.target = 'role'
INNER JOIN role_user_rel r
ON r.role_id = p.target_id AND r.enterprise_id = p.enterprise_id
WHERE 1 = 1
AND t.enterprise_id = 11
AND 1 = ANY(p.perm)
AND r.uid = 11
UNION
SELECT pn.*
FROM document_directories pn
INNER JOIN nodes n
ON pn.id = n.parent_id
WHERE 1 = 1
),
resJoin AS(
SELECT t.*, dd.perm, e.* FROM nodes t
LEFT JOIN LATERAL (
SELECT array_agg(perm order by perm) perm
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT unnest(perm) as perm
FROM document_permissions d
INNER JOIN roles r ON r.id = d.target_id
WHERE d.resource = 'directory'
AND d.target = 'role'
AND d.enterprise_id = 11
) ss
) AS dd ON TRUE
LEFT JOIN LATERAL(
SELECT NOT EXISTS(
SELECT 1 FROM document_directories as dd
LEFT JOIN documents dm ON dm.directory_id = dd.id
WHERE (dd.parent_id = t.id OR (dm.id IS NOT NULL AND dd.id = t.id AND dm.deleted = false))
) as is_empty_directory
) AS e ON TRUE
ORDER BY t.position DESC
)
SELECT
*
FROM resJoin r

一个RECURSIVE查询出所有的节点信息,后面的resJoin,查询出返回数据需要的信息,里面用到了两个LATERAL,并且里面也用到了子查询。

分析下这个sql

INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES ('CTE Scan on resjoin r  (cost=116084.38..116086.40 rows=101 width=117) (actual time=2423.410..2423.656 rows=432 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' CTE nodes');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Recursive Union (cost=22.13..1042.04 rows=101 width=71) (actual time=0.309..5.270 rows=432 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Nested Loop (cost=22.13..207.26 rows=1 width=71) (actual time=0.301..1.841 rows=108 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Nested Loop (cost=21.84..200.27 rows=1 width=16) (actual time=0.080..0.741 rows=110 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Join Filter: (p.target_id = r_1.role_id)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Rows Removed by Join Filter: 110');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Index Only Scan using roles_users_rel_enterprise_id_uid_role_id_uindex on role_user_rel r_1 (cost=0.15..8.17 rows=1 width=16) (actual time=0.018..0.021 rows=2 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Index Cond: ((enterprise_id = 11) AND (uid = 11))');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Heap Fetches: 2');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Bitmap Heap Scan on document_permissions p (cost=21.69..190.72 rows=110 width=24) (actual time=0.056..0.295 rows=110 loops=2)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Recheck Cond: ((enterprise_id = 11) AND (target = ''role''::text) AND (resource = ''directory''::text))');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Filter: (1 = ANY (perm))');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Heap Blocks: exact=162');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Bitmap Index Scan on document_permissions_etr_uindex (cost=0.00..21.66 rows=110 width=0) (actual time=0.037..0.037 rows=110 loops=2)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Index Cond: ((enterprise_id = 11) AND (target = ''role''::text) AND (resource = ''directory''::text))');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Index Scan using document_directories_pk on document_directories t (cost=0.29..6.96 rows=1 width=71) (actual time=0.008..0.008 rows=1 loops=110)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Index Cond: (id = p.resource_id)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Filter: (enterprise_id = 11)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Rows Removed by Filter: 0');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Nested Loop (cost=0.29..83.28 rows=10 width=71) (actual time=0.057..0.616 rows=81 loops=4)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> WorkTable Scan on nodes n (cost=0.00..0.20 rows=10 width=8) (actual time=0.001..0.034 rows=108 loops=4)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Index Scan using document_directories_pk on document_directories pn (cost=0.29..8.31 rows=1 width=71) (actual time=0.004..0.004 rows=1 loops=432)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Index Cond: (id = n.parent_id)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' CTE resjoin');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Sort (cost=115042.09..115042.34 rows=101 width=117) (actual time=2423.408..2423.451 rows=432 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Sort Key: t_1."position" DESC');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Sort Method: quicksort Memory: 139kB');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Nested Loop Left Join (cost=1437.14..115038.72 rows=101 width=117) (actual time=11.306..2422.614 rows=432 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Nested Loop Left Join (cost=301.19..304.49 rows=101 width=116) (actual time=0.897..7.130 rows=432 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> CTE Scan on nodes t_1 (cost=0.00..2.02 rows=101 width=84) (actual time=0.310..5.849 rows=432 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Materialize (cost=301.19..301.21 rows=1 width=32) (actual time=0.002..0.002 rows=1 loops=432)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Aggregate (cost=301.19..301.20 rows=1 width=32) (actual time=0.581..0.581 rows=1 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> HashAggregate (cost=298.68..299.93 rows=100 width=4) (actual time=0.558..0.559 rows=6 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Group Key: unnest(d.perm)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> ProjectSet (cost=46.31..271.18 rows=11000 width=4) (actual time=0.081..0.401 rows=660 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Hash Join (cost=46.31..215.36 rows=110 width=45) (actual time=0.078..0.229 rows=110 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Hash Cond: (d.target_id = r_2.id)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Bitmap Heap Scan on document_permissions d (cost=21.69..189.35 rows=110 width=53) (actual time=0.053..0.163 rows=110 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Recheck Cond: ((enterprise_id = 11) AND (target = ''role''::text) AND (resource = ''directory''::text))');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Heap Blocks: exact=81');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Bitmap Index Scan on document_permissions_etr_uindex (cost=0.00..21.66 rows=110 width=0) (actual time=0.039..0.039 rows=110 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Index Cond: ((enterprise_id = 11) AND (target = ''role''::text) AND (resource = ''directory''::text))');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Hash (cost=16.50..16.50 rows=650 width=8) (actual time=0.011..0.011 rows=2 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 9kB');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Seq Scan on roles r_2 (cost=0.00..16.50 rows=650 width=8) (actual time=0.006..0.007 rows=2 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Result (cost=1135.95..1135.96 rows=1 width=1) (actual time=5.589..5.590 rows=1 loops=432)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' InitPlan 2 (returns $5)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Nested Loop Left Join (cost=0.00..1135.95 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=5.588..5.588 rows=1 loops=432)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Join Filter: (dm.directory_id = dd.id)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Rows Removed by Join Filter: 42');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Filter: ((dd.parent_id = $4) OR ((dm.id IS NOT NULL) AND (dd.id = $4) AND (NOT dm.deleted)))');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Rows Removed by Filter: 1');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Seq Scan on document_directories dd (cost=0.00..1134.06 rows=2 width=16) (actual time=4.287..5.575 rows=2 loops=432)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Filter: ((parent_id = $4) OR (id = $4))');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Rows Removed by Filter: 23789');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Materialize (cost=0.00..1.25 rows=17 width=17) (actual time=0.000..0.002 rows=24 loops=756)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Seq Scan on documents dm (cost=0.00..1.17 rows=17 width=17) (actual time=0.005..0.011 rows=24 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES ('Planning time: 1.665 ms');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES ('Execution time: 2424.040 ms');

可以看到性能瓶颈就在resjoin,也就是下面的两个LATERAL查询。这两个查询是不可避免的,所以也不能拿掉,但是pgsql里面的cte支持并行的查询,

我们可以先把这些资源查询出来,然后在连表查询

WITH RECURSIVE nodes AS (
SELECT t.*
FROM document_directories t
INNER JOIN document_permissions p
ON
p.resource_id = t.id
AND p.enterprise_id = t.enterprise_id
AND p.resource ='directory'
AND p.target = 'role'
INNER JOIN role_user_rel r
ON r.role_id = p.target_id AND r.enterprise_id = p.enterprise_id
WHERE 1 = 1
AND t.enterprise_id = 11
AND 1 = ANY(p.perm)
AND r.uid = 11
UNION
SELECT pn.*
FROM document_directories pn
INNER JOIN nodes n
ON pn.id = n.parent_id
WHERE 1 = 1
),
perms AS (
SELECT d.perm, d.resource_id
FROM document_permissions d
INNER JOIN roles r ON r.id = d.target_id
WHERE d.resource = 'directory'
AND d.target = 'role'
AND d.enterprise_id = 11
GROUP BY d.resource_id, d.perm
),
directory_exists AS (
SELECT distinct dd.id
FROM document_directories as dd
LEFT JOIN document_directories t on t.parent_id = dd.id
LEFT JOIN documents dm ON dm.directory_id = dd.id
WHERE (t.id IS NOT NULL OR (dm.id IS NOT NULL AND dm.deleted = false))
),
resJoin AS(
SELECT t.*, dd.perm,de.id IS NULL as is_empty_directory FROM nodes t
LEFT JOIN LATERAL (
SELECT array_agg(perm order by perm) perm
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT unnest(perm) as perm
FROM perms d
WHERE
d.resource_id = t.id
) AS t
) AS dd ON TRUE
LEFT JOIN directory_exists de ON de.id = t.id
ORDER BY t.position
)
SELECT
*
FROM resJoin r

分析下结果

INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES ('CTE Scan on resjoin r  (cost=8366.56..8770.60 rows=20202 width=117) (actual time=118.496..118.699 rows=432 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' CTE nodes');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Recursive Union (cost=22.13..1042.04 rows=101 width=71) (actual time=0.113..2.833 rows=432 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Nested Loop (cost=22.13..207.26 rows=1 width=71) (actual time=0.109..0.913 rows=108 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Nested Loop (cost=21.84..200.27 rows=1 width=16) (actual time=0.082..0.458 rows=110 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Join Filter: (p.target_id = r_1.role_id)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Rows Removed by Join Filter: 110');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Index Only Scan using roles_users_rel_enterprise_id_uid_role_id_uindex on role_user_rel r_1 (cost=0.15..8.17 rows=1 width=16) (actual time=0.019..0.021 rows=2 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Index Cond: ((enterprise_id = 11) AND (uid = 11))');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Heap Fetches: 2');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Bitmap Heap Scan on document_permissions p (cost=21.69..190.72 rows=110 width=24) (actual time=0.052..0.188 rows=110 loops=2)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Recheck Cond: ((enterprise_id = 11) AND (target = ''role''::text) AND (resource = ''directory''::text))');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Filter: (1 = ANY (perm))');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Heap Blocks: exact=162');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Bitmap Index Scan on document_permissions_etr_uindex (cost=0.00..21.66 rows=110 width=0) (actual time=0.035..0.035 rows=110 loops=2)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Index Cond: ((enterprise_id = 11) AND (target = ''role''::text) AND (resource = ''directory''::text))');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Index Scan using document_directories_pk on document_directories t (cost=0.29..6.96 rows=1 width=71) (actual time=0.003..0.003 rows=1 loops=110)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Index Cond: (id = p.resource_id)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Filter: (enterprise_id = 11)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Rows Removed by Filter: 0');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Nested Loop (cost=0.29..83.28 rows=10 width=71) (actual time=0.050..0.348 rows=81 loops=4)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> WorkTable Scan on nodes n (cost=0.00..0.20 rows=10 width=8) (actual time=0.000..0.015 rows=108 loops=4)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Index Scan using document_directories_pk on document_directories pn (cost=0.29..8.31 rows=1 width=71) (actual time=0.002..0.002 rows=1 loops=432)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Index Cond: (id = n.parent_id)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' CTE perms');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> HashAggregate (cost=215.91..217.01 rows=110 width=53) (actual time=0.297..0.321 rows=110 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Group Key: d.resource_id, d.perm');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Hash Join (cost=46.31..215.36 rows=110 width=53) (actual time=0.065..0.216 rows=110 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Hash Cond: (d.target_id = r_2.id)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Bitmap Heap Scan on document_permissions d (cost=21.69..189.35 rows=110 width=61) (actual time=0.044..0.150 rows=110 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Recheck Cond: ((enterprise_id = 11) AND (target = ''role''::text) AND (resource = ''directory''::text))');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Heap Blocks: exact=81');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Bitmap Index Scan on document_permissions_etr_uindex (cost=0.00..21.66 rows=110 width=0) (actual time=0.031..0.031 rows=110 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Index Cond: ((enterprise_id = 11) AND (target = ''role''::text) AND (resource = ''directory''::text))');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Hash (cost=16.50..16.50 rows=650 width=8) (actual time=0.010..0.010 rows=2 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 9kB');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Seq Scan on roles r_2 (cost=0.00..16.50 rows=650 width=8) (actual time=0.005..0.006 rows=2 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' CTE directory_exists');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> HashAggregate (cost=3474.64..3874.68 rows=40004 width=8) (actual time=80.055..88.016 rows=30003 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Group Key: dd.id');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Hash Right Join (cost=3373.22..3374.63 rows=40004 width=8) (actual time=58.189..68.144 rows=30003 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Hash Cond: (dm.directory_id = dd.id)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Filter: ((t_1.id IS NOT NULL) OR ((dm.id IS NOT NULL) AND (NOT dm.deleted)))');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Rows Removed by Filter: 10001');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Seq Scan on documents dm (cost=0.00..1.17 rows=17 width=17) (actual time=0.012..0.018 rows=24 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Hash (cost=2873.17..2873.17 rows=40004 width=16) (actual time=57.854..57.854 rows=40004 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Buckets: 65536 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 2310kB');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Hash Right Join (cost=1434.09..2873.17 rows=40004 width=16) (actual time=18.692..45.374 rows=40004 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Hash Cond: (t_1.parent_id = dd.id)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Seq Scan on document_directories t_1 (cost=0.00..934.04 rows=40004 width=16) (actual time=0.010..5.319 rows=40004 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Hash (cost=934.04..934.04 rows=40004 width=8) (actual time=18.373..18.373 rows=40004 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Buckets: 65536 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 2075kB');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Seq Scan on document_directories dd (cost=0.00..934.04 rows=40004 width=8) (actual time=0.008..7.829 rows=40004 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' CTE resjoin');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Sort (cost=3182.33..3232.83 rows=20202 width=117) (actual time=118.494..118.535 rows=432 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Sort Key: t_2."position"');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Sort Method: quicksort Memory: 99kB');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Hash Right Join (cost=585.55..1737.66 rows=20202 width=117) (actual time=95.397..118.216 rows=432 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Hash Cond: (de.id = t_2.id)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> CTE Scan on directory_exists de (cost=0.00..800.08 rows=40004 width=8) (actual time=80.058..97.650 rows=30003 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Hash (cost=584.28..584.28 rows=101 width=116) (actual time=15.277..15.277 rows=432 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 63kB');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Nested Loop Left Join (cost=5.74..584.28 rows=101 width=116) (actual time=0.519..15.044 rows=432 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> CTE Scan on nodes t_2 (cost=0.00..2.02 rows=101 width=84) (actual time=0.115..3.140 rows=432 loops=1)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> Aggregate (cost=5.74..5.75 rows=1 width=32) (actual time=0.027..0.027 rows=1 loops=432)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> HashAggregate (cost=3.23..4.48 rows=100 width=4) (actual time=0.023..0.024 rows=2 loops=432)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Group Key: unnest(d_1.perm)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> ProjectSet (cost=0.00..2.98 rows=100 width=4) (actual time=0.019..0.022 rows=2 loops=432)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' -> CTE Scan on perms d_1 (cost=0.00..2.48 rows=1 width=32) (actual time=0.019..0.021 rows=0 loops=432)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Filter: (resource_id = t_2.id)');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES (' Rows Removed by Filter: 110');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES ('Planning time: 1.518 ms');
INSERT INTO "MY_TABLE"("QUERY PLAN") VALUES ('Execution time: 121.197 ms');

发现有了质的飞跃

记一次pgsql中查询优化(子查询)的更多相关文章

  1. 详细讲述MySQL中的子查询操作 (来自脚本之家)

    继续做以下的前期准备工作: 新建一个测试数据库TestDB: ? 1 create database TestDB; 创建测试表table1和table2: ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 ...

  2. 在 SQL Server 数据库的 WHERE 语句中使用子查询

    这是关于子查询语句的一系列文章中的第三篇.在这篇文章中我们将讨论WHERE语句中的子查询语句.其他的文章讨论了其他语句中的子查询语句. 本次课程中的所有例子都是基于Microsoft SQL Serv ...

  3. 在update语句中使用子查询

    在update 中的 where 子句中使用子查询: UPDATE mg_page_log as a  SET  page_num=1 WHERE id in( SELECT id  from mg_ ...

  4. 子查询。ANY三种用法。ALL两种用法。HAVING中使用子查询。SELECT中使用子查询。

    子查询存在的意义是解决多表查询带来的性能问题. 子查询返回单行多列: ANY三种用法: ALL两种用法: HAVING中的子查询返回单行单列: SELECT中使用子查询:(了解就好,避免使用这种方法! ...

  5. 在MySQL中使用子查询

    子查询作为数据源 子查询生成的结果集包含行.列数据,因而非常适合将它与表一起包含在from子句的子查询里.例: SELECT d.dept_id, d.name, e_cnt.how_many num ...

  6. mysql 在update中实现子查询的方式

    当使用mysql条件更新时--最先让人想到的写法 UPDATE buyer SET is_seller=1 WHERE uid IN (SELECT uid FROM seller) 此语句是错误的, ...

  7. SQL Fundamentals: 子查询 || WHERE,HAVING,FROM,SELECT子句中使用子查询,WITH子句

    SQL Fundamentals || Oracle SQL语言 子查询(基础) 1.认识子查询 2.WHERE子句中使用子查询 3.在HAVING子句中使用子查询 4.在FROM子句中使用子查询 5 ...

  8. update 中实现子查询

    mysql 在update中实现子查询的方式   当使用mysql条件更新时--最先让人想到的写法 UPDATE buyer SET is_seller=1 WHERE uid IN (SELECT  ...

  9. 子查询三(在FROM子句中使用子查询)

    FROM子句中使用子查询一般都是返回多行多列,可以将其当作一张数据表 示例一.查询出每个部门的编号,名称,位置,部门人数,平均工资 SELECT d.deptno,d.dname,d.loc,temp ...

随机推荐

  1. http详解和分析

    1.http是什么? http 是一种超文本传输协议原名是这个Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1 可以百度查看http的RFC文档编号为RFC-2616 连 ...

  2. python基础--深浅拷贝copy

    拷贝是音译的词,其实他是从copy这个英文单词音译过来的,那什么是copy? copy其实就是复制一份,也就是所谓的抄一份.深浅copy其实就是完全复制一份,和部分复制一份的意思. 1.赋值运算 l1 ...

  3. VS2019 C++动态链接库的创建使用(2) - 客户调用接口

    因为动态链接库里的内容是自己定义的,所以在外部程序调用时我们自己知道库里包含哪些变量和函数,如果我们提供库给其他人使用,则最好增加一个头文件,告知库里包含的函数: ①将动态链接库源文件内容增加红色框内 ...

  4. Journal of Proteomics Research | 利用混合蛋白质组模型对MBR算法中错误转移鉴定率的评估

    题目:Evaluating False Transfer Rates from the Match-between-Runs Algorithm with a Two-Proteome Model 期 ...

  5. Jupyter的安装和基本使用

    1. 安装Jupyter pip install jupyter 2. Jupyter的初次使用 # 进入虚拟环境 workon ai # 输入命令 jupyter notebook 本地notebo ...

  6. Linux开机启动程序rc.local

    目录 1./etc/rc.local是/etc/rc.d/rc.local的软链接 2.rc.local文件的原始内容 3.rc.local文件的配置 4.应用经验 5.版权声明 在CentOS7中, ...

  7. C# 基础知识系列- 4 面向对象

    面向对象 面向对象是一个抽象的概念,其本质就是对事物以抽象的方式建立对应的模型. 简单来讲,比如我有一只钢笔,那么我就可以通过分析,可以得到 这只钢笔的材第是塑料,品牌是个杂牌 ,里面装的墨是黑色的, ...

  8. 基于树莓派与YOLOv3模型的人体目标检测小车(一)

    项目介绍: 本科毕业选的深度学习的毕设,一开始只是学习了一下YOLOv3模型, 按照作者的指示在官网上下载下来权重,配好环境跑出来Demo,后来想着只是跑模型会不会太单薄,于是想了能不能做出来个比较实 ...

  9. 老板说,Vim宏都不会用,你的工作效率太低啦~

    工作中,对于文本文件的编辑我们经常有这样的需求: 多次重复输入一段相同文本: 生成一段序列化的文本: 每行文本插入一句相同的文本. 除此之外,还有很多需要重复操作的动作.对于这些需求,如果我们人工去操 ...

  10. NOI ONLINE 入门组 魔法 矩阵快速幂

    做了这道题我才发现NOI入门组!=NOIP普及组 题目链接 https://www.luogu.com.cn/problem/P6190 题意 给出一张有向图,你有K次机会可以反转一条边的边权,即让它 ...