Maven - 在Eclipse中创建Maven项目

本文的前提条件：

• windows7-64bit
• jdk1.8.0
• Maven-3.5.0

1- 更新Eclipse中Maven配置

1.1- 修改Eclipse根目录下eclipse.ini文件

D:\DownLoadFiles\eclipse-java-oxygen-R-win32-x86_64\eclipse\eclipse.ini

在“-vm”选项下填写“C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\bin\javaw.exe”

-startup
plugins/org.eclipse.equinox.launcher_1.4.0.v20161219-1356.jar
--launcher.library
plugins/org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.win32.win32.x86_64_1.1.500.v20170531-1133
-product
org.eclipse.epp.package.java.product
-showsplash
org.eclipse.epp.package.common
--launcher.defaultAction
openFile
-vm
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\bin\javaw.exe
--launcher.defaultAction
openFile
--launcher.appendVmargs
-vmargs
-Dosgi.requiredJavaVersion=1.8
-Dosgi.instance.area.default=@user.home/eclipse-workspace
-XX:+UseG1GC
-XX:+UseStringDeduplication
-Dosgi.requiredJavaVersion=1.8
-Xms256m
-Xmx1024m

1.2- 修改Eclipse的默认JRE

Windows---》Preferences---》Java ---》Installed JREs ---》Add---》Standard VM，Next---》Directory，选中JDK目录，例如C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101目录，点击Finish

在Installed JREs界面勾选新加入的选项

在Installed JREs---》Execution Environments界面勾选新加入的选项

1.3- 修改Eclipse中Maven默认配置

更改为本机的Maven

Windows---》Preferences---》Maven---》Installations---》Add---》Directory，选中D:\DownLoadFiles\apache-maven-3.5.0目录，点击Finish。

在Installations勾选新加入的选项，保存并关闭。

更改Maven的默认Settings

Windows---》Preferences---》Maven---》User Settings，根据需要选择使用的Settings文件。一般将Settings文件放置在对应的repo下。

更改Maven的默认仓库位置

2- 创建Maven项目

File ---> New ---> Maven Project

---> 默认勾选"Use default Workspace location"，点击Next

--->选择maven-archetype-quickstart，点击Next

---> 设置必要的项目参数, 然后点击Finish创建Maven工程

• Group Id : 项目组织的唯一标识符，实际对应JAVA的包结构，一般都是组织域名的反写形式
• Artifact Id : 项目的唯一标识符，实际对应项目的名称，就是项目根目录的名称
• Version : 项目的版本
• Pacaking : 项目的打包方式，默认为jar

3- 编写pom.xml文件

根据实际需求编写pom.xml文件。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>testMaven.demo</groupId>
  <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>demo</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.10</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

4- 编译与安装

注意：需要引入的依赖jar包必须在仓库存在，否则会提示报错。

4.1- 编译

选中pom.xml文件，鼠标右键Run AS--->Maven build---》在弹出的界面，填写Goals内容：compile，然后Run

如果需要再次运行，可以在填写Goals内容：clean compile，然后Run

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building demo 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ demo ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\demo\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ demo ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\demo\target\classes
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3.201 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-10-24T13:20:33+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 13M/208M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.2- 安装

选中pom.xml文件，鼠标右键Run AS--->Maven install

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building demo 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ demo ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\demo\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ demo ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ demo ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\demo\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ demo ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\demo\target\test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ demo ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\demo\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running testMaven.demo.demo.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.037 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ demo ---
[INFO] Building jar: D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\demo\target\demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ demo ---
[INFO] Installing D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\demo\target\demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar to D:\DownLoadFiles\apache-maven-repo\testMaven\demo\demo\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Installing D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\demo\pom.xml to D:\DownLoadFiles\apache-maven-repo\testMaven\demo\demo\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3.321 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-10-24T13:21:24+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 17M/265M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.3- 查看本地仓库

本地仓库包含下载的所有依赖包，默认位于用户目录（例如windows系统：C:\Users\<username>\.m2\repository），可通过setting.xml文件设置。

示例：D:\DownLoadFiles\apache-maven-repo

<localRepository>D:\DownLoadFiles\apache-maven-repo</localRepository>

也可在Eclipse界面Windows---》Preferences---》Maven---》User Settings---》Local Repository，可以查看到本地仓库的位置信息。

guowli@5CG450158J MINGW64 /d/DownLoadFiles/apache-maven-repo/testMaven
$ pwd
/d/DownLoadFiles/apache-maven-repo/testMaven

guowli@5CG450158J MINGW64 /d/DownLoadFiles/apache-maven-repo/testMaven
$ ls -lR
.:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 1 guowli 1049089 0 Oct 24 13:21 demo/

./demo:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 1 guowli 1049089 0 Oct 24 13:21 demo/

./demo/demo:
total 1
drwxr-xr-x 1 guowli 1049089   0 Oct 24 13:21 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/
-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089 278 Oct 24 13:21 maven-metadata-local.xml

./demo/demo/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT:
total 13
-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089  189 Oct 24 13:21 _remote.repositories
-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089 2309 Oct 24 13:21 demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089  770 Oct 24 13:17 demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom
-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089  704 Oct 24 13:21 maven-metadata-local.xml

guowli@5CG450158J MINGW64 /d/DownLoadFiles/apache-maven-repo/testMaven