.Net Core WebApi + Vue前后端分离项目中的jwt令牌应用

1.Start up 里面配置JWT认证方案

　　　　　　　//认证方案
            services.AddAuthentication(option =>
            {
                option.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                option.DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
            }).AddJwtBearer(
                option =>
                {
                    option.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
                    {
                        //是否验证发行人
                        ValidateIssuer = true,
                        ValidIssuer = Configuration["JwtConfig:Issuer"],//发行人

                        //是否验证受众人
                        ValidateAudience = true,
                        ValidAudience = Configuration["JwtConfig:Audience"],//受众人

                        //是否验证密钥
                        ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
                        IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Configuration["JwtConfig:key"])),

                        ValidateLifetime = true, //验证生命周期

                        RequireExpirationTime = true, //过期时间

                        ClockSkew = TimeSpan.Zero   //平滑过期偏移时间
                    };
                }
            );

2.appsettings.json配置JWT

  "JwtConfig": {
    "key": "JWTStudyWebsite_DI20DXU3",
    "Issuer": "mahang",
    "Audience": "wlw"
  }

3. 生成令牌, 示例:登录成功生成令牌

        /// <summary>
        /// 登录
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="RegisterEntity"></param>
        /// <param name="RegisterUserPassword"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public ResultDto Login(LoginDto loginDto)
        {
            ResultDto result = new ResultDto();

            var registerName = registerRepository.Query(x => (x.RegisterUserName == loginDto.RegisterEntity || x.RegisterUserEmail == loginDto.RegisterEntity || x.RegisterUserPhone == loginDto.RegisterEntity)).FirstOrDefault();

            var registerPassWord = registerRepository.Query(x => x.RegisterUserPassword == MD5HashUtility.MD5Hash(loginDto.RegisterUserPassword));

            if (registerName == null && registerPassWord.Count() == 0)
            {
                result.Message = "未注册，请先注册!";
                return result;
            }
            else
            {
                if (registerName == null)
                {
                    result.Message = "用户名输入错误,请重新输入!";
                    return result;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (MD5HashUtility.MD5Hash(loginDto.RegisterUserPassword) != registerName.RegisterUserPassword)
                    {
                        result.Message = "密码输入错误,请重新输入!";
                        return result;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        //写Session或Cookies换成JWT
                        IList<Claim> claims = new List<Claim> {
                        new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Id,registerName.RegisterUserName),
                        new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Name,registerName.RegisterUserPassword)
                    };

                        //JWT密钥
                        var key = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(configuration["JwtConfig:key"]));

                        //算法
                        var cred = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);

                        //过期时间
                        DateTime expires = DateTime.UtcNow.AddHours(10);

                        //Payload负载
                        var token = new JwtSecurityToken(
                            issuer: configuration["JwtConfig:Issuer"],
                            audience: configuration["JwtConfig:Audience"],
                            claims: claims,
                            notBefore: DateTime.UtcNow,
                            expires: expires,
                            signingCredentials: cred
                            );

                        var handler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();

                        //生成令牌
                        string jwt = handler.WriteToken(token);
                        result.Code = 200;
                        result.Message = "登录成功!";
                        result.Success = new LoginDto
                        {
                            RegisterEntity = loginDto.RegisterEntity,
                            RegisterUserPassword = loginDto.RegisterUserPassword,
                            Token = jwt
                        };
                    }
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
    }

4.Start up 在AddSwaggerGen中配置小锁

services.AddSwaggerGen(options =>
            {
                options.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "InterviewSystem.WebApi", Version = "v1" });
                //xml显示swgger注释
                options.IncludeXmlComments(System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + @"\\bin\\Debug\\net5.0\\InterviewSystem.WebApi.xml");

                //开启权限小锁
                options.OperationFilter<AddResponseHeadersFilter>();
                options.OperationFilter<AppendAuthorizeToSummaryOperationFilter>();
                options.OperationFilter<SecurityRequirementsOperationFilter>();

                //在header中添加token，传递到后台
                options.AddSecurityDefinition("oauth2", new OpenApiSecurityScheme
                {
                    Description = "JWT授权(数据将在请求头中进行传递)直接在下面框中输入Bearer {token}(注意两者之间是一个空格) \"",
                    Name = "Authorization",//jwt默认的参数名称
                    In = ParameterLocation.Header,//jwt默认存放Authorization信息的位置(请求头中)
                    Type = SecuritySchemeType.ApiKey
                });
            });

5.配置相应的认证中间件和授权中间件

 // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
                app.UseSwagger();
                app.UseSwaggerUI(c => c.SwaggerEndpoint("/swagger/v1/swagger.json", "InterviewSystem.WebApi v1"));
            }

            //启用静态文件浏览功能
            app.UseStaticFiles();

            //Https中间件
            app.UseHttpsRedirection();

            // 跨域
            app.UseCors();

            //路由中间件
            app.UseRouting();

            //认证中间件
            app.UseAuthentication();

            //授权中间件
            app.UseAuthorization();

            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapControllers();
            });
        }

5.在控制器中添加全局特性

6.在Vue中，登录成功后用localStorage存储Token

//登录
submitForm(formName) {
      this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
        if (valid) {
          axios
            .post("Login/Login", this.ruleForm)
            .then((res) => {
              if (res.data.Code != 200) {
                this.$message.error(res.data.Message);
              } else {
                this.$message({
                  message: res.data.Message,
                  type: "success",
                });
                sessionStorage.setItem("RegisterEntity",this.ruleForm.RegisterEntity);
                localStorage.setItem("Token",res.data.Success.Token)
                this.$router.push("/main/IntroductionVue");
              }
            });
        } else {
          console.log("error submit!!");
          return false;
        }
      });
    },

7.Vue配置js文件，全局使用Token

import axios from "axios"

axios.defaults.baseURL = "https://localhost:44386/api/";

axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = `Bearer ${localStorage.getItem("Token")}`;

export default axios