<!doctype html>02 - JavaEE - Servlet&HTTP&Request

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Web开发-Servlet&HTTP&Request:

 
 
 
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1. Servlet
2. HTTP协议
3. Request
 
 

Servlet:

 
 
 
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1. 概念
2. 步骤
3. 执行原理
4. 生命周期
5. Servlet3.0 注解配置
6. Servlet的体系结构
Servlet -- 接口
|
GenericServlet -- 抽象类
|
HttpServlet  -- 抽象类
* GenericServlet:将Servlet接口中其他的方法做了默认空实现,只将service()方法作为抽象
* 将来定义Servlet类时,可以继承GenericServlet,实现service()方法即可
* HttpServlet:对http协议的一种封装,简化操作
1. 定义类继承HttpServlet
2. 复写doGet/doPost方法
7. Servlet相关配置
1. urlpartten:Servlet访问路径
1. 一个Servlet可以定义多个访问路径 : @WebServlet({"/xxx","/xxxx","/xxxxx"})
2. 路径定义规则:
1. /xxx:路径匹配
2. /xxx/xxx:多层路径,目录结构
3. *.do:扩展名匹配
 
 

HTTP:

 
 
 
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* 概念:Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议
* 传输协议:定义了,客户端和服务器端通信时,发送数据的格式
* 特点:
1. 基于TCP/IP的高级协议
2. 默认端口号:80
3. 基于请求/响应模型的:一次请求对应一次响应
4. 无状态的:每次请求之间相互独立,不能交互数据
* 历史版本:
* 1.0:每一次请求响应都会建立新的连接
* 1.1:复用连接
* 请求消息数据格式
1. 请求行
请求方式 请求url 请求协议/版本
GET /login.htmlHTTP/1.1
* 请求方式:
* HTTP协议有7中请求方式,常用的有2种
* GET:
1. 请求参数在请求行中,在url后。
2. 请求的url长度有限制的
3. 不太安全
* POST:
1. 请求参数在请求体中
2. 请求的url长度没有限制的
3. 相对安全
2. 请求头:客户端浏览器告诉服务器一些信息
请求头名称: 请求头值
* 常见的请求头:
1. User-Agent:浏览器告诉服务器,我访问你使用的浏览器版本信息
* 可以在服务器端获取该头的信息,解决浏览器的兼容性问题
2. Referer:http://localhost/login.html
* 告诉服务器,我(当前请求)从哪里来?
* 作用:
1. 防盗链:
2. 统计工作:
3. 请求空行
空行,就是用于分割POST请求的请求头,和请求体的。
4. 请求体(正文):
* 封装POST请求消息的请求参数的
* 字符串格式:
POST /login.htmlHTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://localhost/login.html
Connection: keep-alive
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1

username=zhangsan
 
 
 
 
 
xxxxxxxxxx
 
 
 
 
* 响应消息数据格式
 
 

Request:

 
 
 
x
 
 
 
 
1. request对象和response对象的原理
1. request和response对象是由服务器创建的。我们来使用它们
2. request对象是来获取请求消息,response对象是来设置响应消息
2. request对象继承体系结构:
ServletRequest--接口
|继承
HttpServletRequest-- 接口
|实现
org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade 类(tomcat)
3. request功能:
1. 获取请求消息数据
1. 获取请求行数据
* GET /test/demo1?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1
* 方法:
1. 获取请求方式 :GET
* String getMethod()  
2. (*)获取虚拟目录:/test
* String getContextPath()
3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
* String getServletPath()
4. 获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan
* String getQueryString()
5. (*)获取请求URI:/test/demo1
* String getRequestURI():/test/demo1
* StringBuffer getRequestURL()  :http://localhost/test/demo1
* URL:统一资源定位符 : http://localhost/test/demo1中华人民共和国
* URI:统一资源标识符 : /test/demo1共和国

6. 获取协议及版本:HTTP/1.1
* String getProtocol()
7. 获取客户机的IP地址:
* String getRemoteAddr()

2. 获取请求头数据
* 方法:
* (*)String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
* Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称

3. 获取请求体数据:
* 请求体:只有POST请求方式,才有请求体,在请求体中封装了POST请求的请求参数
* 步骤:
1. 获取流对象
*  BufferedReader getReader():获取字符输入流,只能操作字符数据
*  ServletInputStream getInputStream():获取字节输入流,可以操作所有类型数据
* 在文件上传知识点后讲解
2. 再从流对象中拿数据
 
 
  1. 其他功能:

    1. 获取请求参数通用方式:不论get还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数

      1. String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zs&password=123

        1. String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobby=game

          1. Enumeration getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称
          2. Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合
 
 
 
x
 
 
 
 
* 中文乱码问题:
* get方式:tomcat 8 已经将get方式乱码问题解决了
* post方式:会乱码
* 解决:在获取参数前,设置request的编码request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
 
 
  1. 请求转发:一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式

    1. 步骤:

      1. 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)

        1. 使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发:forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
 
 
 
x
 
 
 
 
2. 特点:
1. 浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化
2. 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中。
3. 转发是一次请求
 
 
 
 
 
x
 
 
 
 
3. 共享数据:
* 域对象:一个有作用范围的对象,可以在范围内共享数据
* request域:代表一次请求的范围,一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
* 方法:
1. void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
2. Object getAttitude(String name):通过键获取值
3. void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对
4. 获取ServletContext:
* ServletContext getServletContext()
 
 
 
 

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