密码文件

密码文件作用:

密码文件用于dba用户的登录认证。

dba用户:具备sysdba和sysoper权限的用户,即oracle的sys和system用户。

本地登录:

1)操作系统认证:

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus sys/tiger as sysdba

2)密码文件认证:

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus sys/tiger@rezin as sysdba

远程密码文件登录:

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus sys/tiger@192.168.96.141:1521/orcl as sysdba

密码文件位置:

linux/unix:[oracle@localhost ~]$ ls $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID

/u01/oracle/10g/dbs/orapworcl

/u01/oracle/10g/dbs/orapwrezin

windows:$ORACLE_HOME/oradate/orapw$ORACLE_SID

密码文件查找顺序:

         1)opapw<sid>

2)orapw

以上两个都查找不到,验证失败。

密码文件认证还是OS认证:

1)参数文件:remote_login_passwordfile=none|exclusive|shared

none:不使用密码文件认证

exclusive:使用密码文件认证,自己独占使用(默认)

shared:使用密码文件认证,不同实例dba用户可以共享密码文件(asm下必须使用)

2)$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/sqlnet.ora文件下:

SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES =none|all|nts(linux下默认没有设置)

none:关闭OS认证,只能密码文件认证

all:linux平台关闭本机密码文件认证,采用操作系统认证,但是远程(异机)可以密码文件认证

nts:windows下使用(桶linux下all)

练习:

1)配置:remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive

SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES =none

结果:可以密码文件认证(本地/远超),不可以操作系统认证

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus sys/tiger as sysdba(本地密码文件登录)

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus sys/tiger@rezin as sysdba(本地密码文件登录)

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 19:00:39 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

???:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> exit

? Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options ??

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba(OS认证)

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 19:00:51 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

Enter user-name:

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"(OS认证)

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 19:01:04 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

Enter user-name:

2)配置:remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive

SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES =all

结果:本机密码文件认证不可用,但是远程密码文件认证可用,本机OS认证可用

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"(本机OS认证登录成功)

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 19:45:35 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus sys/tiger@orcl as sysdba(本机密码文件认证失败)

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 19:46:52 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-12641: Authentication service failed to initialize

Enter user-name:

C: >sqlplus sys/tiger@192.168.96.141:1521/orcl as sysdba(远程密码文件登录成功)

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期六 3月 14 11:58:38 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

连接到:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL>

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger(普通用户本地OS登录成功)

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 20:01:57 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL>

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@orcl(登录失败)

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus scott/t (登录失败)

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 20:02:52 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-12641: Authentication service failed to initialize

Enter user-name:

密码文件管理:

密码文件建立:orapwd命令用法(不建议使用)

[oracle@localhost ~]$ orapwd

Usage: orapwd file=<fname> password=<password> entries=<users> force=<y/n>

where

file - name of password file (mand),  -->创建密码文件名字:orapw<sid>

password - password for SYS (mand), -->sys用户密码

entries - maximum number of distinct DBA and  -->可以有多少个sysdba和sysoper用户可以放到密码文件里边去(采用二进制方式,即输入1表示最少存放4个,去除重复的)

force - whether to overwrite existing file (opt), -->oracle 10g后新加的参数,用法:force=n或force=y,表示密码文件存在是否覆盖,10g之前只能删除原有的密码文件,再创建。

OPERs (opt),

There are no spaces around the equal-to (=) character.

例如:[oracle@localhost ~]$orapwd file=orapworcl password=rezin entries=1 force=y

密码文件修改:例如 修改sys用户密码或授予sysdba、sysoper权限

         orapwd重建密码文件:不建议使用,可能会让其他sys用户不能登录

alter user sys identified by <new password>

grant sysdba|sysoper to <user>;

revoke sysdba|sysoper from <user>

查看密码文件内容:strings指令查看二进制文件内容。

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ strings orapworcl

]\[Z

ORACLE Remote Password file

INTERNAL

9D9FF9FDAFB17385

E6BAA2164C375C09

sysdba和sysoper具体区别:查看官方文档

通过system_privilege_map视图查看系统权限:

SQL> select * from system_privilege_map

2  where name like '%SYS%';

PRIVILEGE NAME                                       PROPERTY

---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------

-3 ALTER SYSTEM                                      0

-4 AUDIT SYSTEM                                      0

-83 SYSDBA                                            0

-84 SYSOPER                                           0

查看用户系统权限通过密码文件视图v$pwfile_user查看:

SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME                       SYSDB SYSOP

------------------------------ ----- -----

SYS                            TRUE  TRUE

通过以上查询可以知道,sys用户登录方式既可以通过as sysdba登录schema显示‘SYS’,也可以通过as sysoper登录schema显示‘PUBLIC’。

LAST验证:需要配合参数文件知识练习

1、按照组合:

1)remote_login_passwordfile=none                       sqlnet.authentication_services=none

2)remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive      sqlnet.authentication_services=none

3)remote_login_passwordfile=none                       sqlnet.authentication_services=all

如果是win,请你把all改为nts

4)remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive               sqlnet.authentication_services=all

分别测试:

本机:sqlplus / as sysdba

sqlplus sys/<pswd> as sysdba

sqlplus sys/<pswd>@<sid> as sysdba

远程:sqlplus sys/<pswd>@<sid> as sysdba

sqlplus sys/<pswd>@ip:port/<sid> as sysdba

测试哪些组合可以登录成功,哪些不能登录成功。

总结出如果关闭OS验证;如何关闭密码文件验证;如何关闭本地密码文件验证;如何关闭远程密码文件验证。

2、修改remote_login_passwordfile=shated然后使用alter user sys identified by <pswd>;修改密码,测试能否修改成功。

不允许修改

3、如果sys密码丢失或不对,你如何做?

alter user sys identified by tiger;修改密码

4、sysdba、sysoper区别在哪,普通用户如何使用密码文件已sysdba或sysoper登录。

答案:

1)remote_login_passwordfile=none                    sqlnet.authentication_services=none

关闭密码文件认证,关闭OS认证。

本机:sqlplus / as sysdba

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Mar 15 08:06:22 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

Enter user-name:

本机:sqlplus sys/tiger as sysdba

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus sys/tiger as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Mar 15 08:14:24 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

Enter user-name:

本机:sqlplus sys/tiger@orcl as sysdba

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus sys/tiger@orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Mar 15 08:15:39 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

Enter user-name:

远程:sqlplus sys/tiger@orcl as sysdba

C:\Users\WCWEN>sqlplus sys/tiger@orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期日 3月 15 00:16:11 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-12154: TNS: 无法解析指定的连接标识符

请输入用户名:

远程:sqlplus sys/tiger@192.168.96.141:1521/orcl as sysdba

C:\Users\WCWEN>sqlplus sys/tiger@192.168.96.141:1521/orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期日 3月 15 00:17:35 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

请输入用户名:

2)remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive              sqlnet.authentication_services=none

关闭OS认证,只能使用密码文件认证,自己独占使用。

本机:sqlplus / as sysdba

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus  / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 22:38:23 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

Enter user-name:

本机:  sqlplus sys/<pswd> as sysdba

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus  sys/tiger as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 22:39:24 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL>

本机:  sqlplus sys/<pswd>@<sid> as sysdba

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus  sys/tiger@orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 22:41:00 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL>

远程:sqlplus sys/<pswd>@<sid> as sysdba

C:\Users\WCWEN>sqlplus sys/tiger@orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期六 3月 14 14:41:52 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-12154: TNS: 无法解析指定的连接标识符

请输入用户名:

远程: sqlplus sys/<pswd>@ip:port/<sid> as sysdba

C:\Users\WCWEN>sqlplus sys/tiger@192.168.96.141:1521/orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期六 3月 14 14:44:07 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

连接到:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL>

3)remote_login_passwordfile=none                    sqlnet.authentication_services=all

关闭密码文件认证,采用OS认证。

本机:sqlplus / as sysdba

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Mar 15 08:22:24 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL>

本机:sqlplus sys/tiger as sysdba

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus sys/tiger as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Mar 15 08:23:10 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL>

本机:sqlplus sys/tiger@orcl as sysdba

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus sys/tiger@orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Mar 15 08:24:01 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-12641: Authentication service failed to initialize

Enter user-name:

远程:sqlplus sys/tiger@orcl as sysdba

C:\Users\WCWEN>sqlplus sys/tiger@orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期日 3月 15 00:24:47 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-12154: TNS: 无法解析指定的连接标识符

请输入用户名:

远程:sqlplus sys/tiger@192.168.96.141:1521/orcl as sysdba

C:\Users\WCWEN>sqlplus sys/tiger@192.168.96.141:1521/orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期日 3月 15 00:25:33 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

请输入用户名:

4)remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive            sqlnet.authentication_services=all

linux平台关闭本机密码文件认证,采用OS认证,但是远程(异机)可以密码文件认证,自己独占使用。

本机:sqlplus / as sysdba

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sql / as sysdba

[uniread] Loaded history (12 lines)

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 22:57:20 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL>

本机: sqlplus sys/<pswd> as sysdba

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus sys/tiger as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 22:59:16 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL>

本机:sqlplus sys/<pswd>@<sid> as sysdba

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus sys/tiger@orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 23:00:44 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-12641: Authentication service failed to initialize

Enter user-name:

远程:sqlplus sys/<pswd>@<sid> as sysdba

C:\Users\WCWEN>sqlplus sys/tiger@orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期六 3月 14 15:01:18 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-12154: TNS: 无法解析指定的连接标识符

请输入用户名:

远程:sqlplus sys/<pswd>@ip:prot/<sid> as sysdba

C:\Users\WCWEN>sqlplus sys/tiger@192.168.96.141:1521/orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期六 3月 14 15:02:56 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

连接到:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL>

oracle密码文件管理的更多相关文章

  1. Oracle体系结构之oracle密码文件管理

    密码文件 密码文件作用: 密码文件用于dba用户的登录认证. dba用户:具备sysdba和sysoper权限的用户,即oracle的sys和system用户. 本地登录: 1)操作系统认证: [or ...

  2. Oracle管理监控 之 rac环境密码文件管理

    密码文件作用: 密码文件用于dba用户的登录认证. dba用户:具备sysdba和sysoper权限的用户,即oracle的sys和system用户. RAC环境中多个节点的密码文件应该保证一致,否则 ...

  3. Oracle体系结构之密码文件管理

    oracle密码文件主要用来控制sysdba和sysoper用户用于远程登录.通常,oracle用户登录database有两种方式,一种是通过本地操作系统验证登录,一种是通过密码文件验证登录. 操作系 ...

  4. oracle 密码文件文件

    密码文件作用: 密码文件用于dba用户的登录认证. dba用户:具备sysdba和sysoper权限的用户,即oracle的sys和system用户. 本地登录: 1)操作系统认证: [oracle@ ...

  5. Oracle日志文件管理与查看

    Oracle日志文件管理与查看 from:http://hi.baidu.com/shuker/item/25ee611ee960c7426826bb1f 1.查询系统使用的是哪一组日志文件: sel ...

  6. 170830、oracle密码过期ORA-28002: 7天之后口令将过期的解决方法

    登陆oracle数据库时错误信息提示:“ORA-28002: 7 天之后口令将过期”. 原因:oracle11g中默认在default概要文件中设置了"PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME= ...

  7. Oracle密码过期处理

    问题:Oracle密码过期导致数据库无法访问 解决方案: 1.后台以数据库管理员身份登陆,服务器中打开cmd命令,然后输入 sqlplus / as sysdba 2.查看用户对应的proifle文件 ...

  8. Oracle密码过期设置和修改密码问题

    Oracle密码过期设置和修改密码问题 学习了:https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/ce09321b5608612bff858ff3.html sqlplus / as ...

  9. Oracle密码忘记了解决办法

    Oracle密码忘记了怎么办?有时候我们可能忘记了一个用户的密码,但是又需要以这个用户做一些操作,又不能去修改掉这个用户的密码,这个时候,就可以利用一些小窍门,来完成操作.采用如下方法可以修改密码: ...

随机推荐

  1. openldap复制

    2台主机使用镜像方式,多于2台主机使用多主方式. 部署sssd登录方式 方法见上一章节 配置复制(镜像方式) #/etc/openldap/slapd.conf配置文件,文件末尾添加以下内容 inde ...

  2. openldap加密传输sssd

    http://blog.father.gedow.net/2015/09/29/sssd-ldap-sudo/ yum -y install openldap-clients sssd authcon ...

  3. 动态规划 - 最长递增子序列(LIS)

    最长递增子序列是动态规划中经典的问题,详细如下: 在一个已知的序列{a1,a2,...,an}中,取出若干数组组成新的序列{ai1,ai2,...,aim},其中下标i1,i2,...,im保持递增, ...

  4. sql条件中比较性能优化

    第一个比第二个性能高. 查询语句意义: 如果codelist中tablecode配置为0时, t.Table_Code = 'SV_RETURN_BILL'不生效. 如果codelist中tablec ...

  5. SQL笔记-第四章,数据的检索

    一.select的简单用法 1.简单的数据检索 SELECT * FROM T_Employee; 2.检索出需要的列 SELECT FNumber,FName,FAge FROM T_Employe ...

  6. HTTP的应用httpclient 和线程

    package com.example.service; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import org.apac ...

  7. {Reship}Precision, Accuracy & Recall

    ============================================================== This aritcle came from here ========= ...

  8. android开发 如何调用SO

    java package com.example.callsodemo; import android.R.integer; import android.R.string; import andro ...

  9. codevs4919 线段树练习4

    4919 线段树练习4  时间限制: 1 s  空间限制: 128000 KB       题目描述 Description 给你N个数,有两种操作 1:给区间[a,b]内的所有数都增加X 2:询问区 ...

  10. .Net的错误机制

    //优先级1    protected void Page_Error(object sender, EventArgs e)     {        Exception objErr = Serv ...