在64位的UBUBTU 服务器 ***

前言：

　　安装/重装系统，U盘启动盘不稳定，建议使用USB-CDROM启动

　　如果是重装系统，要记录好硬盘的信息和职能：

fdisk -l
lsblk
blkid
/etc/fstab
mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdxx

　　通过以上信息，记录硬盘的职能。找出系统盘，以便重装系统。

　　另外在安装过程中，要注意raid/lvm的配置。

raid
lvm

　　信息记录后，可以使用 mdadm重新做raid

lsblk:

NAME                              MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE   MOUNTPOINT

sda                                 :     .5G   disk

├─sda1                              :       243M   part   /boot

├─sda2                              :         1K   part

└─sda5                              :     .2G   part

  ├─ubuntu--vg-root (dm-)        :     .3G   lvm    /

  └─ubuntu--vg-swap_1 (dm-)      :        16G   lvm    [SWAP]

sdb                                 :      .8T   disk

└─isw_bacjgaccea_kkshraid1 (dm-) :       .7T   dmraid /kitking

sdc                                 :      .8T   disk

└─isw_bacjgaccea_kkshraid1 (dm-) :       .7T   dmraid /kitking

sdd

blkid

/dev/sdb: TYPE="isw_raid_member"

/dev/sdc: TYPE="isw_raid_member"

/dev/sdd: UUID="35a73696-e468-4cc7-b3d5-b8351a7c8896" TYPE="ext3"

/dev/sda1: UUID="cd1e8aa4-406d-4758-b40a-28dd8bb5f29a" TYPE="ext2"

/dev/sda5: UUID="nP7BC9-Im2o-cQM0-spZe-WHqI-0age-IsFSQQ" TYPE="LVM2_member"

/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root: UUID="1e20f000-8a03-4f37-a677-5bae02f377ec" TYPE="ext4"

/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1: UUID="f3252a02-78ff-4ac2-b97f-2f76d4b3845a" TYPE="swap"

/dev/mapper/isw_bacjgaccea_kkshraid1: UUID="250729ac-71a9-4a22-852c-333b168346b9" TYPE="ext3"

df -h

jiangzhaowei@ubuntu:~$ df -h

Filesystem                            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root           219G   17G  191G   % /

udev                                  .9G  .0K  .9G   % /dev

tmpfs                                 .6G  6.6M  .6G   % /run

none                                  5.0M       5.0M   % /run/lock

none                                  .9G  120K  .9G   % /run/shm

cgroup                                .9G       .9G   % /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1                             236M   65M  159M  % /boot

/dev/mapper/isw_bacjgaccea_kkshraid1  .8T  948G  706G  % /kitking

/dev/sdd                              459G  281G  155G  % /build_two

cat /etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.

# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>

proc            /proc           proc    nodev,noexec,nosuid

/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root /               ext4    errors=remount-ro

# /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation

UUID=cd1e8aa4-406d--b40a-28dd8bb5f29a /boot           ext2    defaults

UUID=250729ac-71a9-4a22-852c-333b168346b9 /kitking  ext3     defaults

UUID=35a73696-e468-4cc7-b3d5-b8351a7c8896 /build_two  ext3     defaults

/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1 none            swap    sw

/dev/sr0        /media/floppy0  auto    rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8

10.04 LTS

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse

12.04源sources.list

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted

16.04源更新

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted

deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner

deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

18.04源更新

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

升级内核12.04.5 LTS：

　　升级之前查看内核版本

uname -a

uname -r

lsb_release -a

　　2. 升级

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

sudo reboot

　　3. CA

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates

//添加新的GPGkey，为安装Docker做准备.

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys 58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D

　　4.1 apt-get install 安装方式

deb https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-precise main

sudo apt-get update

//清除旧的repo if it exists

//apt-get purge lxc-docker

sudo apt-cache policy docker-engine

sudo apt-get install docker-engine --fix-missing

　　4.2 手动deb安装方式

//4.2.1 安装依赖包

sudo apt-get install libltdl7 libapparmor1

//4.2.2 安装Docker

sudo dpkg -i Docker_xxx.deb

安装&卸载命令：

查看安装列表：

dpkg --list

ii  python2.                       2.7.-0ubuntu3.                Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 2.7)

ii  python2.-minimal               2.7.-0ubuntu3.                Minimal subset of the Python language (version 2.7)

ii  readline-common                 6.2-                           GNU readline and history libraries, common files

ii  resolvconf                      .63ubuntu16                    name server information handler

ii  rsync                           3.0.-1ubuntu1.                fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool

ii  rsyslog                         5.8.-1ubuntu8.                reliable system and kernel logging daemon

ii  samba                           :3.6.-0ubuntu0.12.04.      SMB/CIFS file, print, and login server for Unix

安装与卸载命令

//安装

sudo apt-get install xxx

//卸载软件并清除配置文件

sudo apt-get --purge remove xxx

//只卸载软件

sudo apt-get  remove xxx

添加系统用户：

//添加用户并制定HOME目录

sudo useradd -d /kitking/web_compile -m web_compile

//修改密码

sudo passwd xxx

//将已有用户添加到特定组

usermod -a -G groupname username

//copy

tar cvpzf /backup/mnt/backup.tgz --exclude=./proc --exclude=./lost+found --exclude=./mnt --exclude=./sys --exclude=media ./

cd /kitking/jiangzhaowei/compile/

sudo tar czvpf ./web_compile.tgz /kitking/web_compile/

sudo tar -xvpzf ./web_compile.tgz -C /

//tar 是用来备份的程序

//c - 新建一个备份文档

//v - 详细模式， tar程序将在屏幕上实时输出所有信息。

//p - 保存权限，并应用到所有文件。

//z - 采用‘gzip’压缩备份文件，以减小备份文件体积。

//f - 说明备份文件存放的路径

//　　解释：--exclude ,是排除压缩的文件。就是将不需要的文件排除。

//　　等待压缩完成。

//　　如果不是在本机上的话，要备份原始系统的配置文件，以及新安装系统的启动文件。

//指定路径解压

tar -xvpzf /restore/backsrc/backup.tgz -C /restore/

SAMBA：

sudo vim /etc/samba/smb.conf

//添加密码

sudo smbpasswd -a xxx

注意：

WIN10 Home Edition的系统，未出现不支持SMB v1的现象。

WIN10 Feature（特性）列表里， Education Editon比Home Edition多如下选项：

NFS服务（NFS客户端，NFS管理工具）。
SMB直通（针对 SMB 3.x 的文件共享协议的远程直接内存访问（RDMA）支持）。
Hyper-V（服务，管理工具）

数据库迁移：

//Mysql登录

mysql -h localhost -uroot -pxxx

//查看数据库

mysql> show databases

//查看使用端口

mysql> show variables  like 'port'

//查看数据库大小

mysql> use  information_schema

//查看数据库编码

mysql> show variables like 'character%';

//迁移,注意DB迁移不需要登录mysql,在shell下执行

//1.迁出

mysqldump -uroot -pxxx webCompile > webCompile.sql

mysqldump -uroot -pxxx kkinternal > kkinternal.sql

mysqldump -uroot -pxxx bugtracker > bugtracker.sql

mysqldump -uroot -pxxx db_synergy_cloud > db_synergy_cloud.sql

//2.目标机器新建

mysql> create database webCompileTest

//3.DB迁入

mysql -uroot -pxxxn webCompile < webCompile.sql

//迁出所有数据库,不建议使用全部迁移的方式，因为有些是mysql系统库

mysqldump -u root -p123456 --all-databases > all.sql

mysql -u root -p123456 < "D:\MySQL 5.5\bin\all.sql"


//查看合法用户：
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;

//创建远程授权：

mysql> create user kitking identified by 'rad_xxx';

//all代表接受所有操作，比如 select,insert,delete....; *.* 代表所有库下面的所有表;% 代表这个用户允许从任何地方登录；为了安全期间，这个%可以替换为你允许的ip地址；

grant all privileges on *.* to 'kitking'@'%'identified by 'rad_xxx' with grant option;

//然后刷新mysql用户权限相关表；

flush privileges ;

//修改配置文件 UBUNTU 12.04

1.1、sudo vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf
//UBUNTU 18.04
1.2 sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

、注释掉如下两行：

　　bind-address=127.0.0.1

　　skip-network(mysql5.6版本里没有这行)

、sudo service mysql restart

//跨主机单实例迁移,注意需要在目标机器上先创建数据库

mysqldump -h localhost -uroot -prad_xxx --opt webCompile | mysql -h 192.168.199.110 -ukitking -prad_xxx -C webCompile

修改密码：
格式：mysql> set password for 用户名@localhost = password('新密码'); 
例子：mysql> set password for root@localhost = password('rad_xxx'); 

//mysql 5.7注意如下

在安装过程中，不要求设置root密码，安装结束后要求设置

、sudo mysql_secure_installation   //按提示配置，要注意安全策略

、mysql -uroot -pxxx   //登录mysql

、如果不成功，就是安全策略出了问题，使用sudo mysql  免密登录，配置最低安全检查

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=;

Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)

、查看密码最小长度

mysql> select @@validate_password_length;

、修改root密码

mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=PASSWORD('newPwd'), plugin='mysql_native_password' where user='root';

、刷新

mysql> flush privileges;

版本控制SVN:

//重启服务器，SVN服务需要手动一下

sudo svnserve -d -r /kitking/SVN

//开机自动开启svn服务，修改/etc/rc.local

sudo vim /etc/rc.local

//添加如下shell:

sudo svnserve -d -r /kitking/SVN

//要注意：保留的仓库，如果新安装的SVN版本与仓库SVN版本不匹配，会有问题，所以在重装系统前，一定好查看SVN版本，并匹配安装：

//如，强制安装SVN1.8如下方式：

//先在终端执行

sudo sh -c 'echo "# WANdisco Open Source Repo" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/WANdisco.list'

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://opensource.wandisco.com/ubuntu precise svn18" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/WANdisco.list'

wget -q http://opensource.wandisco.com/wandisco-debian.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -

sudo apt-get update

//然后安装svn

sudo apt-get install subversion

//遇到字符集的问题，可参考

https://blog.csdn.net/wiseflywang/article/details/51385222?tdsourcetag=s_pctim_aiomsg

自动启动

12.04 LTS

//rc.local文件

sudo vim /etc/rc.local

svnserve -d -r /kitking/SVN

python -d /kitking/web_compile/websrc_web/trunk/scripts/db.py

python -d /kitking/web_compile/websrc_web/trunk/scripts/db_new.py

java -jar MqttService.jar

18.04LTS参考

https://www.cnblogs.com/jiangzhaowei/p/9988790.html

手动启动：

nohup java -jar MqttService.jar >output 2>&1 &

安装常用工具：

//默认下载安装包位置：

　　/var/cache/apt/archives

//可以使用如下命令进行安装：

　　sudo  dpkg  -i xxx.deb

sudo apt-get install git-core

sudo apt-get install lrzsz

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

sudo apt-get install openssh-client

sudo apt-get install vim

sudo apt-get install openjdk--jdk

sudo apt-get install apache2

sudo apt-get install maven

sudo apt-get install subversion

sudo apt-get install make

sudo apt-get install gcc

sudo apt-get install g++

//32为->64为编译库转换：

sudo apt-get install lib32z1-dev

sudo apt-get install -y lib32stdc++

//web相关：

sudo apt-get install apache2

sudo apt-get install php5

sudo apt-get install php5-gd

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

sudo apt-get install mysql-client

sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev

sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
//PHP对文件上传大小有限制，修改如下：
sudo vim /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini
//upload_max_filesize = 8M
sudo pip install xlutils

交叉工具链：

RDA：

//环境变量：

//sudo vim /etc/profile

export PATH= /pub/tools/package/toolchain/mips-2012.07/bin:/pub/tools/package/toolchain/mips-2014.05/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/rda/mips-2012.07/lib:/opt/rda/mips-2014.05/lib

//注意：交叉编译器路径不能更改。

 //1.因为Ubuntu默认的sh是连接到dash的,又因为dash跟bash的不兼容所以出错了.执行时可以把sh换成bash文件名.sh来执行.成功.dash

//修改sh默认连接到bash的一种方法：

sudo dpkg-reconfigure dash

//修改shell,提示框选择“否”

//kconfig显示使用:

sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev

MSTAR gawk安装：

//mstar 机顶盒
1、解压“mipsisa32-elf-3.4.-.i386linux.tar.gz"

　　应用编译器

、mips-4.3--mips-linux-gnu-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2

　　BOOT编译器

、make dep

　　重新制定依赖

、编译CRC报错：

　　ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh

、环境变量设置

　　/opt/mips-4.3/bin:/opt/gnutools/mipsisa32-elf-3.4./bin

　　export PATH=$PATH:/opt/mips-4.3/bin:/opt/gnutools/mipsisa32-elf-3.4./bin

//1.aeon会提示找不到gawk

//提示：

/bin/sh: /bin/gawk: No such file or directory

//解决如下：

sudo apt-get install gawk

sudo cp /usr/bin/gawk   /bin

//2.编译CRC报错：

sudo ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh

解压：aeon.tar.gz

sudo cp /usr/bin/gawk /bin

export PATH=/opt/mstar/aeon/bin:$PATH

JDK1.8

//通过PPA源安装,使用add-apt-repository要安装如下软件包

sudo apt-get install python-software-properties

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common

//添加PPA源

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ppa_name

//删除PPA源

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/app_name.list

//删除KEY

sudo apt-key del key

//添加JDK源&安装

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openjdk-r/ppa

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install openjdk--jdk

//在多个JDK版本中切换JDK

sudo update-alternatives --config java

//设置一个默认JAVA：

sudo update-alternatives --config javac

其它常用工具：

sudo apt-get install -y autoconf

sudo apt-get install -y binutils

sudo apt-get install -y bison

sudo apt-get install -y bzip2

sudo apt-get install -y cmake

sudo apt-get install -y exuberant-ctags

sudo apt-get install -y flex

sudo apt-get install -y gettext

sudo apt-get install -y lib32ncurses5-dev

sudo apt-get install -y libncurses5-dev

sudo apt-get install -y libz-dev

sudo apt-get install -y lszrz

sudo apt-get install -y ncurses-term

sudo apt-get install -y patch

sudo apt-get install -y sharutils

sudo apt-get install -y texinfo

sudo apt-get install -y tmux

sudo apt-get install -y unrar

sudo apt-get install -y unzip

sudo apt-get install -y zip

sudo apt-get install -y zlib1g-dev