LeetCode之“动态规划”:Valid Parentheses && Longest Valid Parentheses
1. Valid Parentheses
题目要求:
Given a string containing just the characters '(', ')', '{', '}', '[' and ']', determine if the input string is valid.
The brackets must close in the correct order, "()" and "()[]{}" are all valid but "(]" and "([)]" are not.
这个题用‘栈’这种数据结构解决是比较方便的。程序如下:
class Solution {
public:
bool isValidPar(char left, char right)
{
if (left == '(' && right == ')')
return true;
if (left == '[' && right == ']')
return true;
if (left == '{' && right == '}')
return true;
return false;
}
bool isValid(string s) {
int sz = s.size();
stack<char> left;
for(int i = ; i < sz; i++)
{
char c = s[i];
if(c == '(' || c == '[' || c == '{')
left.push(s[i]);
else
{
if(left.size() == )
return false;
char top = left.top();
if(!isValidPar(top, c))
return false;
left.pop();
}
}
return left.size() == ;
}
};
2. Longest Valid Parentheses
题目要求:
Given a string containing just the characters '(' and ')', find the length of the longest valid (well-formed) parentheses substring.
For "(()", the longest valid parentheses substring is "()", which has length = 2.
Another example is ")()())", where the longest valid parentheses substring is "()()", which has length = 4.
此文的动态规划解法参考自一博文:
1. 状态
DP[i]:以s[i-1]为结尾的longest valid parentheses substring的长度。
2. 通项公式
s[i] = '(':
DP[i] = 0
s[i] = ')':找i前一个字符的最长括号串DP[i]的前一个字符 j = i-2-DP[i-1]
DP[i] = DP[i-1] + 2 + DP[j],如果j >=0,且s[j] = '('
DP[i] = 0,如果j<0,或s[j] = ')'
......... ( x x x x )
j i-2 i-1
证明:不存在j' < j,且s[j' : i]为valid parentheses substring。
假如存在这样的j',则s[j'+1 : i-1]也valid。那么对于i-1来说:
( x x x x x
j' j'+1 i-1
这种情况下,i-1是不可能有比S[j'+1 : i-1]更长的valid parentheses substring的。
3. 计算方向
显然自左向右,且DP[0] = 0
具体代码如下:
class Solution {
public:
int longestValidParentheses(string s) {
int sz = s.size();
if(sz < )
return ;
int maxLen = ;
vector<int> dp(sz + , );
for(int i = ; i < sz + ; i++)
{
int j = i - - dp[i - ];
if(s[i - ] == '(' || j < || s[j] == ')')
dp[i] = ;
else
{
dp[i] = dp[i - ] + + dp[j];
maxLen = max(maxLen, dp[i]);
}
}
return maxLen;
}
};
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